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[THE HUDSON RIVER 

v^S SEEN BY 

Passengers on the River Steamers. 




>^^JL^agt Or?- 



ra^ 



TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., 

758 /Broadway, New York. 



■^j^^^^^ 



1^ 



RIGAUD & CO;S PERFUMERY 



RIGAUD'S NEW PERFUMES 

FOR THE HANDKERCHIEF 
Are recommended as unsurpassed by any similar articles, both 
for delicacy of perfume and permanence. The following are 
esp cially recommended : 
Extracts of YLANG YLANG, 

OHAMPAOA, 

KANANGA, 
ALSO ALL THE STANDARD PERFUMES OF THE DAY. 

Special attention is called also to Rigaud's Exquisite Toilet 
Preparations; Dentifrices; Preparations for tbe~Complexion ; 
Pomades, Oils, and Washes for the Hair; Fine Toilet Soaps, 
which are offered in great variety. Send for Rigaud & Co.'s 
Toilet Gruide, which is mailed free by 

E. FOTJGERA & CO., Agents for the United States, 

30 North William St., Netv Tori 



DELACRES CHOCOLATES. 

The attention of Connoisseurs in Chocolate is directed to the 
above Chocolates, which for purity and fine aroma are 
UNSURPASSED. 

WR NOW OFFER THE FOLLOWINa QUALITIES; 

SANTE FIN ; SANTE SUI\FIN ; VANILLA FIN ; 

VANILLA SUI\FIN ; also HOMCEOPATHia 

CHOCOLATE, and DELAGT\E\S EX- 

TF^ACT OF MEAT CHOCOLATE, 

A)i e.vc-eU-erit Tonic fo/- Lipnlkh and (JonniUtn^.ents. 
Consumers nnabln to obtain tliis brand will jtloase send tlieir 
orders or iuquirics to 

E. FOUGERA. & Co., Agents, 

;'.0 N'nrni WrLLr.vM St., New Yokk, 



THE TRAVELERS 

OLDEST j^^^^^ LARGEST 
AMERICA. <5=^^^^o THE WORLD. 

LIFE AND ACCIDENT 
NSURANOE COMPANY, 
HARTFORD, CONN. 

SH ASSETS over $3,750,000 

ELRPLUS TO POLICY HOLDERS, . . . 1,300,000 

P/ ID IN CASH BENEFITS over .... 3,000,000 



Accident Policies Written, over . . 400,000 

Accident Claims Paid, over . . . 24,000 

hie in seventeen of the whole number insured have thua 
jived the practical benefits of Accident Insurance, 



General Accident Policies^ for year or month, written by 
Agents without delay. No medical examination required. Yearly 
cost, $5 to $10 per $1,000 for occupations not specially hazardous. 



LIFE AND ENDOWMENT INSURANCE. 
All approved forms at Low Cash Prices. 



JAMES G. BATTERSON, President. 

RODNEY DENNIS, Sec'y. JOHN E, MORRIS, Ass't Sec'y. 

N£:W YORK OFFICE^ 207 BMOADWJLT, 

Agents everywhere in United States and Canadas. 



PERRY & COMPANY, 



MANUFACTURERS OF THE 

ARGAND BASE BURNER 

THE BELMONT RANGE, 
THE CTJISrA.Rr) COOK, 

And one hundred and twenty -five other patterns of 

STOVES, RANGES, AND HOT-AIR FURNACES. 

NEW YORK CITY, ALBANY, CHICAGO, 

86 Beekman St. 115 Hudson Ave. 15 and 17 Lake St. 



C. H. COVELL, 

922 Broadway, N. E. Corner 21st Street, 

IMPORTER OF AND DEALER IN 

Clocks, Bronzes, 



F^NCY GOODS, 

CHANDELIERS AND GAS FIXTURES. 

ALSO, nXTXrEES FOE OIL LAMPS, 

Of most approved patterns. 

constantly receiving per steamer 
Novelties at Popular Prices. 

LADIES I ASK FOR 



O^^^^T^^ 



05\ M ARK 



{Wound on White S^ls.) 

GEORGE A. CLARK, . . . Sole Agent. 

And MIL WAUD'S HELIX NEEDLES in patent wrappers. 

They are the best in use. P^ Sold Everywhere. 



Phelps, Dodge & Co., 

CLIFF ST., between John and Fulton, 

IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 

TIN AND ROOFING PLATES, 

OP ALL SIZES AND KINDS, 

PIG- TIN, RUSSIA SHEET IRON, 

Charcoal and Common Sheet Iron, 

UBi^T>, siije:e3T ziisro, ooi>i>B£a. 

SPEUER, SOLDER, ANTIMONY, &c 
MANUFACTimERS OP 

COPPER, BRASS, AND WIRE. 



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LlUIUCa£.CUJUL« 



An indispensable requisite for enery Tenchei\ Advanced Student^ 

Intelligent Family^ Library^ and ProfeHsional Person^ is 

THE BEST ENGLISH DIOTIONARY. 



^v^eWec^vx^^ 




WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED. 

10,000 Words and 3Ieanings not in other Dictionaries. 
3,000 Engraviugs; 1,840 Pages Quarto. Price, $12. 

_ FOUR PAGES COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS. -rj 

^W "The best praoticaIj English Dictionary extant." — it 

•jp London Quarterly Eeview, Oct., 1873. JN 

■~^ The sales of Webster's Dictionaries throughout the country j^ 

1R in 1873 were 20 times as large as the sales of any other Diction- T» 

Saries. dS 

One family of children having "Webster's Unabridged, and *•« 

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__ much the mo»t intelligent men and women. Ask your teacher T\ 

JE or minister if it is not so, then buy the book and use, and urge its f^ 

Ruse, freely. iZ 

Published by Jt< 

S O. & C. MERRIIM, Springfield, Mass. D 

SPRINGFIBLD 

^ire and Marine Snsurance Co, 



Incorporated 1849. Charter Perpetual. 

NO MARINE RISKS TAKEN. 



Capital, ----- ^750,000.00 
Caslx Assets, - - - - 1,500,000.00 



DWIGHT R. SMITH, Pres't. 
S. J. HALL, Sec'y. A. J. WRIGHT, Treas. 

BIGELOW, COIT & PECK, Agents, .... New York. 

ALEX. W. WISTER, Agent, Philadelphia. 

REED & BROTHER, Agents, Boston. 



Age7icies also in all the principal Cities and Towns in the country, 

A.. J. H^^RIDIINrGJ-, Gren'l J^gt. 

"Westerix Departxneiat, Chicago, 111. 




IMCOSEIL.EY'S IVET^ HjI^VETV HOUSE, 

Fronting the Park and opposite Yale College, 
la owned and kept by S. H. Moseley, who for ten years was connected with the 
famous Massasoit House, Spriiigrfield, Mass., and for five years partner of the 
charming Brevoort House, New York. It is the most complete, comfortable and 
homelike Hotel in the City, and one of the best to be found in this country. Mr. 
Moseley also has the Rc-staurant at the Railway Station, which is the be^t eating 
jilace for passeng'ers between New York and Boston. All express trains stop ten 
miniites '^t New Haven. 

BREVOORT HOUSE, 

NEW^ YORK. 

This well known Hotel is located on 

FIFTH AVENUE, cor. of EIGHTH STREET, 

Near Washington Square. 

One of the most delightful situations, combining- the quiet 
retirement of a private mansion with easy access to all parts of 
the city. 

The Brevoort has always been a 

FAVORITE WITH EUROPEANS 

visiting the United States, the plan upon which it is kept being- 
such as to commend it to those accustomed to European habits. 

CHARLES C. WAITE, 

JReasiclen.t ^Proprietor. 




W^INDSOR HOTEL, 

FIFTH AVENUE, 46tll & 47tll STS., NEW YORK. 



.HAWK, WAITE, 6- WETHERBEE, Proprietors. 



The Windsor is more magnificent and commodious, and containg 
more real comforts, than any other Hotel in America. 

Its location is delightful, being surrounded by the most fash- 
ionable residences in New York ; it is also near the famous Central 
Park and within three minutes' walk of the Grand Central Railway 
Station. The rooms, with all the modern improvements, are 
especially adapted for travelers ; this Hotel also has elegant apart- 
ments, en. suite for families, permanent or transient. The light, 
ventilation, and sanitary cfualities are perfect, and cannot be 
excelled. 



SAMUEL HAWK, CHAS. C. WAITE, (3^ARDNER WETHERBEE, 

of St. Nicholas Hotel, of Brevoof^t House, late of Revere House, Boston. 



Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Co., 

OF HARTFORD, CONN. 
Thirtieth Annual Statenrient. 

Nei Assets, January 1, 1875 $38,8cl8.2G7 85 

Rfceived in 1875 • i ^^^ Premiums $7,165,468 55 

liiXLivED IN ie<o. J For Interest and Rent 2,652,931 81 9,818,400 m 

48,fi56.f;R8 21 
Disbursed in 1875 7,lb4,«02 (18 

Balance, Net Assets, DecembebSI, 1875 141,462,005 53 

Gross assetP, December 31, 1875 $43,494,650 92 

Liabilities : 
Amount required to reinsure all outstanding policies, 

net, assuming 4 per cent, interest $38,494,045 00 

Extra lleserve 197,6] 2 00 

All other liabilities 798,142 00 " 39,489,799 00 

Surplus, December 31, 1875 $ 4,004,851 92 

Increase of assets during 1875 $3,050,954 95 

IlaLio of expense of management to receipts in 1875 7.55 per cent. 

Policies in force, Dec. 31, 1875, 66,209, insuring , $185,076,842 00 

JAMES GOODWIN, President. 
JACOB L. GREENE, Sec. JOHN M. TAYLOR, Asst. Sec. 

Secure yonr Valuables by Depositing in Fire and Burglar Proof Vaults, 
Tliorougbly Ventilated and Positively Free from Dampness. 

CENTRAL SAFE DEPOSIT CO. 

71 & 73 West 23d Street, Masonic Temple Building. 

Silver received on deposit for the season at low rates. Packages will be 
sent for and delivered FEEE OF CHARQE. VALUABLE PAINTINGS STOEBD FOR 
ANY LENGTH OF TIME IN A EOOM SPECIALLY FOE THE PUEPOSE. 

Trunks of clothing received on deposit (accessible at all times to the 
owner), 50 cents per month. Small Safes to rent by the year or month 
in Fire and Burglar Proof Vault at from #10 to $100 per year. An ex- 
amination of the premises is requested before depositing elsewhere. 

Chas. Roome, Pres. Manhattan Gas Co. ; Darius R. Mangan, Pres. 
National Trust Co.; Edward V. Loew, Pres. Manuf. & Builders' Fire 
Ins. Co. ; Geo. Pancoast, Pres. Archer & Pancoast Manuf. Co.; Edward 
B. BuLKLEY, Pres. Jefferson Iron Co.; At^ex. M. Lesley, Pres. Trades 
Savings Bank.; Thos. L. James, Postmaster, New York.; Geo. E. Ster- 
BY, Weaver & Sterry, Importers of Drugs.; Wm. H. Howell, Howell, 
Barr & Co., Dealers in Syrups.; Archibald Hance, Sup't Dry Dock, 
E. B. & B. R. R. Co.; Ellwood E. Thorne, 71 & 73 West 28d Street. 

ET^LWOOn E. THOMNE, President. 
JOHN P. ROBERTS, Sec'y dc Treas. WILLIAM A. FRAZER, Snpt. 



CkcvrU.s h/e-wKaV, Icxsy^^or- 
THE 

HUDSON EIVEE 

FBOM 

NEW YORK TO ALBANY, 

AS BEEN FROM THE 

"DAY LINE" AND OTHER STEAMERS, 



DESCRIPTIVE SKETCHES OF CITIES, VILLAGES, STATIONS, 

SCENERY, AND OBJECTS OF INTEREST ALONG 

THE ROUTE. 



ILLUSTRATED WITJT MAPS AND WOODCUTS. 



COrTRIOHT, TaINTOR BROTljKBa & Co., 1876. 



NEW YORK: 

TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO 
758 Broadway. 

i 




LE BOUTILLIER BROTHERS, 

48 EAST 14t]i STREET, NEW YOEK, 

IMPOKTERS AND RETAILERS OF 

BLACK AND COLORED SILKS, 

DRESS GOODS OF EVERY DESCRIFriOJM , 
MOURNING GOODS OF ALL KL TDS, 
LINENS AND WHITE GOODS; 
HOSIERY, 
UNDERVESTS and DRAWERS, 

PARIS AND DOMESTIC UNDERGAR]V<ENTS, 
EMBROIDERIES, 
LACES, 

HANDKERCHIEFS, 

RIBBONS, NECK-WE 4R, Etc, 



PERINOT KID GLOVE S 



"We call especial attention to our Stock, com- 
prising all the. ne\w and desirable styles, AArhich 
we offer at the VERY LOWEST prices. 

Samples sent free on application. 

LE BOUTILLIER BROTHERS, 

48 East 14th Street, . . . NEW YOE-K. 
912 Chestnut Street, . PHILADELPHIA. 
104 and 106 West 4th St., CINCINNATI. 

2 Faubourg Poissonnier, . . . PARIS. 



INDEX. 



Albany 53 

Andre and Arnold 22 

Athens 50 

Barnegat 36 

Barrytown 39 

Capture of Stony Point . . 28 

Carmansville 15 

Castleton, N. Y 51 

Catskill. . , 41 

Catskill Mountains 42 

Coeyman' s 51 

Cold Spring 32 

Columbiaville 50 

Cornwall Landing 33 

Coxsackie 50 

Croton Point 25 

Day Line Steamers 12 

Dobbs' Ferry 19 

Fishkill Landing 34 

Fort Clinton 30 

Fort Lee 16 

Fort Montgomery 30 

Fort Washington 13 

Germantown 40 

Greenbush 52 

Hastings 18 

Haverstraw 26 

Hoboken 14 

Hudson 50 

Hudson River 5 

Hyde Park 37 

Irvington 20 



Jersey City 14 

Kingston 38 

Low Point 35 

Manhattanville 15 

Marlborough 35 

Milton Ferry 36 

New Baltimore 51 

Newburgh 34 

New Hamburgh 35 

New Paltz 37 

Nyack 25 

Peekskill 29 

Piermont 19 

Poughkeepsie 36 

Rhinebeck 39 

Riverdale 17 

Rondout 38 

Saugerties 40 

Schodac 51 

Sing Sing 25 

Spuyten Duyvil i6 

Staatsburg 37 

Stony Point 26 

Stuyvesant 51 

Tarrytown , . . . , 20 

Teller's Point 25 

Tivoli 40 

Verplanck's Point 26 

Weehawken 14 

West Point 31 

Yonkers 18 




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bank 
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' Post 

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t. and 



HUDSON RIVER. 



Panorama of the Hudson. 



PROMINENT OBJECTS OF INTEREST THAT MAY BE SEEN FROM THR 
STEAMERS OF THE **DAY LINE," ON THE TRIP OF THE HUDSON 
FROM NEW YORK TO ALBANY. 



As the steamer puts out from the dock, a fine view of New York 
Harbor is disclosed to the south, with Castle Williamson and Governor'' s 
Island, Brooklyn, The Narrows, and Stat en Island in the distance. 

In the following arrangement the points of interest on the west bank 
of tlie river are placed in the left hand, and those on the east bank in 
the right-hand column. 



WEST BANK. 
yersey City, pop. 100,000; ter- 
minus of Pennsylvania R. R., Cen- 
tral N. J., Midland, Erie, and 
Northern N. J. Railroads. Cunard 
Steamers' docks. Opposite dock 
•f Day Line is Erie Depot. 

Bergen Heights in distance. 

Hoboken, a little north, pop. 
30,000 ; terminus of Delaware and 
Lackawanna R. R. and Hamburg 
Line of Steamers. 

Stevens Institute and Stevens 
Mansion, on Castle Hill, in north- 
ern part of Hoboken. 

Ely Stan Fields, just north. 



EAST BANK. 

New York City, with Trinity 
and St. PauVs Spires towards the 
south, St. yohn'^s Spire west. 

Prominent Buildings: Equitable 
Life Insurance, near Trinity. 

Western Union Telegraph. 

U. S. Tost Office, with two 
domes, and City Halt north. 

N. Y. lyibune building, with 
sharp tower, just east of Post 
Office. 

Grand Central Hotel. 

Further north is Ste^varf s Storey 
cor, Broadway and lolh St, 

Masonic 7'emple, 6th Ave. and 
23d St. 

Booth^s Theater, opp. Temple. 

Manhattan Market, 34th St. and 
loth Ave. 



NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN. 




HUDSON RIVER. 



Ill 



WEST BANK. 

Weehawken^ scene of Hamilton 
and Burr duel. 

Seven -story White Building 
above Weehawken is a brewery. 

Tillie Teudlem^ opposite Car- 
mansville. 

Fort Lee, ten miles from New 
York, opposite Deaf and Dumb 
Asylum. The site of the old fort 
is marked by a flagstaff on the bluff. 

The Palisades begin at Fort Lee 
and extend 15 miles to the north, 
from 200 to 500 feet in height. 

Palisade Mountain Hotel, oppo- 
site Inwood. 

The Palisades stretch along, an 
unbroken wall of columnar trap- 
rock, for nearly 20 miles, varying in 
height from 200 to 500 feet above 
the river. 



Indian Head, the highest point 
of the Palisades, 550 feet above the 
river. 

Tappan Bay, or Tappan Zee, 
extending north 15 miles to Croton 
Point, nearly four miles wide. 



EAST BANK. 

St. Thomas Church Spire, 5th 
Ave. and 53d St. 

Sixty Fifth St., New York^ 
N. Y. Orphan Asylum. 

Jones Hill — ^shooting gallery near 
the river. 

Bloomingdale Lunatic Asylum^ 
bet. 115th and 120th Sts. 

Manhattanville, I32d St. 

Iron Works, with 

. Carmansville, home of Audubon, 
naturalist, just above. 

Old Claremont Hotel, near river. 

Trinity Cemetery — above hotel. 

N. Y.Insiituie for Deaf &'Dumb. 

Jeffrey s Hook, a point jutting 
into the river — site of old fort. 

Washington Heights, 185th St. 

Fort Washington, 10 miles from 
New York. Site near James Gor- 
don Bennett's residence, with gilded 
dome. 

Inwood, once known as Tubby 
Hook. 

Spuyten Duyvil Creek, or Har- 
lem River. Main line of Hudson 
River R. R. diverges from river 
through cut to Grand Central De- 
pot, 42d St., New York. 

Westchester Heights. 

River dale, 14 miles from N. Y. 

Convent and Academy of Mount 
St. Vincent, vnth 

Font Hill in front, built by 
Edwin Forrest. 

Yonkers, 17 miles from New 
York. Pop. 20,000. Site of old 
Phillipse Mansion. 



TARRYTOWN TO NEWBURCH. 




HUDSON RIVER. # 

WEST BANK. EAST BANK. 

Piermonty twenty-four miles from Spring Hill Grove. 

New York ; formerly terminus of Dndlefs Grove above. 

Erie Railway. Pier one mile long, Hastings-on-the-Hudson, 21 

extending into river. Palisade for- ^jj^^ ^^.^^ ^^^ York. Sugar 

mation terminates here. Boundary Refinery near river, 

between New York and New Jersey. ^^ ,, . ^ ., ^ -»t ,r 

Dodos' Ferry ^ 22 miles fr. N. Y. 

Nyacky with Rocklattd Female . 

r J-. . ' J r> ^ Irvinglou, 24 miles from N. Y, 

Institute near river, and Kaniapo ^ ' ^ 

Mountains in distance, 600 feet -S-^w^^-r/^-?, home of Washington 

j.j„jj^ Irving, \ mile north of R. R, 

upper Nyack, one m'ile above Station, scarcely visible through 

Nyack. ^^ trees, near the river. 

Rockland Lake, among the hills, Tarry town, 29 miles from New 

opposite Sing Sing. Source ol York. Pop. 5,ocx). Steamer stops 

Hackensack river, and great ice- beside ferryboat in middle of the 

quarry in winter. river, transferring passengers for 

Kamapo Mountain. both Tarrytown and Nyack. 

Haverstraw Bay, five miles wide Sing Sing, 32 miles from New 

— the widest part of the Hudson, York. Pop. 3,000. 

extending from Croton Point on ^/^/^ /^^.V^;,, near the river, south 

the south to Verplanck's Point on of the village, built of white marble. 

Croton River empties into Hud- 

High Thorn Mountain — a sharp ., ^, . c^- o- 

* ^ ^ son I mile north of Sing Sing, 

peak near Haverstraw. ^ „ . . , ^ , 

„ T^.„ . , Croton Point, just above Croton 

Haverstraw Village — with two ,_ . _ 



miles of brick-yards. 

Treason Hill, north of Haver- 
straw, wliere Arnold met Andre 



River — ^junction of Tappan Bay and 
Haverstraw Bay. Extreme projec- 
tion is called ' 



^ . , , Teller's Point. Off this point 

at Jcshua Hett Smith's. , xr , i j i. i, 

the Vulture anchored when she 

Grassy Point, two miles north of ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^1^^ 

Haverstraw. _ ^ „. , , 

e/ r, ' * -1 .u r Croton Viuage above. 

iitony Point, one mile north of 

Grassy Point. Montrasse's Point, 

Tompkins C(?z/^— with limekilns Verplanck's Point, 

imd quarry. King's Ferry before Revolution 

Kidd's Pointy now Caldwell's. —between these two points \ mile. 



TARRYTOWN TO NEWBUP.CH 




HUDSON RIVER. 



vu 



WEST BANK. 

Donderberg Afi., i,ooo ft high. 

Io!ta Island — with grapery and 
famous pic-nic grounds. 

Fo7-t Moftlgomery C/-^^>^, opposite 
Antliony's Nuse. 

Fort Clinton south side creek. 

Fort AIo7itgomery on north side. 

Parry House — with ruins of old 
mill in front. 

Butterviilk Falls, cascade above. 

Cozzens' Hotel, 250 ft above river, 
the most fashionable resort on the 
river. 

Highland Falls — village behind 
bluff. Population, 1,500. 

Cozzens^ Landing. 

West Point, one mile above Coz- 
ren's. U. S. Military Academy, Pa- 
rade Ground, & Barracks. The most 
commanding point of the Hudson. 

Old Fort Putnam — ruins of the 
Revoluiion — 596 feet above river. 

Kosciusko' s Mofiument, above 
West Point Landing, on the point. 

West Point Lighthouse. 

West Point Hotel, on the bluff. 

West Point Village. 

Old Cro' Nest, 1,418 feet high. 

Kidd''s Plug Cliff— t\vQ precipice 
on bank of river. 

Butter Hill. 

Storm LCing, 1,529 feet high — 
highest point of the Highlands. 

Cornwall Village, 56 m fr. N.Y. 

Idlewild, home of N. P. Willis, 
;usL north of Cornwall village. 

Shawangunk Mountains west. 

New Windsor, fovr miles north 
of Cornwall. 



EAST BANK. 

Peel-skill. Pop. 6,000. 43 miles 
from New York, 

Nameless Highland. 

The Race^ between lona Island 
and east bank of river. 

Anthony'' s Nose, 1,200 feet high 
with R. R. Tunnel near river. 

Sugar Loaf Mountain towards 
north-east. 

Beverly Dock^ close by river. 

Pobittson Hotise. 

Hon. Hamilton Fishes Residence^ 
brick house on the bluflC 

Garrisoit's, 50 miles from New 
York, opposite West Point. 

Highland House, \ mile from 
river, splendid site. 

Constitution Island^ opp. point. 

Miss Warner's home, White 
Cottage, near the river. Author 
of "Queechy" and*'* Wide, Wide 
World." 

The Two Brothers — rocks. 

Cold Spring, 54 miles from New 
York, with extensive iron foundries 

Undercliff.^ home of George P. 
Morris, just north Cold Spring, 

Mount Taurus, 1,586 feet high. 

Little Stony Point, promontory 
at foot of BuU Hill, 

Breakneck M't,, 1187 feet high. 

Beacon Hill, 1,471 feet high, 

PollipeVs Island, at north en 
trance of the Highlands. 
'Duchess yunction. 

Fishkill Mountains to the east 



NEWBURC AND FISHKILL TO RHINEBECK, 




HUDSON RIVER. 



IX 



WEST BANK. 

Newburg Bay. . 

Washington^ s Headquarters — 
a flagstaff marks the location. 

Newburg City, pop. 15,000, 60 
miles from New York. 

Duyvels Dans Kamer -^ flat rock 
covered with cedars — scene of the 
traditionary Indian pow-wow which 
Hendrick Hudson and his comrades 
witnessed at night, with all its In- 
dian accessories of fire and paint. 

Hampton Point — with fine wliite 
cedars — 64 miles from Mew York. 

Marlborough, 66 miles from New 
York. The Arbor Vitae grows in 
great perfection here. 

Milton Ferry ^ or Bamegat, 71 
from New York. Famous for the 
great quantity of raspberries raised 
in the vicinity. 

Neiv Paltz Landing, opposite 
Poughkeepsie, 75 miles from New 
York. 

Large Ice Hotises on the river- 
bank. 

yohn Astor'^s summer residence. 

Mr. Pell's great apple orchard, 
with 25,000 fruit-bearing trees. 

Fort Ezven, or Deserted Village. 

Rondout, pop. 20,000, now City 
of Kingston. Terminus of exten- 
sive cement works. 



EAST BANK. 

Fishkill Landing, 60 miles froi» 
New York. 

Low Point, or Carthage, 64 
miles from New York. 

New-Hamburg, 66 miles from 
New York, at the mouth of Wap- 
pinger's Creek. 

Locust Point, country seat of 
the late Prof S. F. B. Morse, in- 
ventor of electric telegraph. 

Poughkeepsie Cemetery. 

Ruins of Old Livingston Place 
just above. 

City of Poughkeepsie, population 
20,000, 75 miles from New York — 
Queen City of the Hudson, 200 
feet altove river. 

River View Military Academy — 
brick building, on conmianding site. 

Vassar Female College is a mile 
and a half east of Poughkeepsie. 

College Hill, north-east of city. 

Poughkeepsie Water Works, in 
north part of the city, near river. 

Hyde Park, So miles from New 
York. Named in honor of Gen. 
Edward F. Hyde, one of the early 
British Governors of New York. 

Placentia, former home of the late 
James K. Paulding, one mile north 
of Hyde Park. 

Dr. Hicssack^s Estate, with Cor 
inthian pillars. 

Esopns Island, 2 miles north of 
Hyde Park. On the rocks just be- 
low the Island the Steamer Berk- 
shire was burned in 1864. 

Staatsburg, 85 miles from Ne\f 
York. 

" Wildercliff:' built by Re«». 
Freeborn Garrettson. 



RHINEBECK TO HUDSON. 




HUDSON RIVER. 



XI 



WEST BANK. 
Glasgo, 

Saugei'ties, pop. S,ooo, at mouth 
of Esopus Creek. 

- Maiden— y^\.i\ ' * Plattekill Clove" 
west, 

Evesport^ above Maiden. 

West Camp. 

* * Four- County Island ' ' — ^junc- 
tion of Dutchess, Columbia, Greene, 
and Ulster counties. 

Cats kill Moujttains, 4,000 feet 
above the sea. Indian name, " C>«// 
Ora" or " Mountains of the Sky." 

Round Top, the highest peak of 
the Catskills, 4,000 feet above the 
river. 

Catskill Mountain Hoitse, vi^hite 
building on the mountain, 3 000 
feet above the river. 

Catskill Village.^ ill miles from 
New York. Pop. 4,000. Steam 
ferry connects with Catskill Station, 
3 minutes in crossing. 

Prospect Park Hotel, on bluff 
near the landing, 250 feet above 
the river. 

Residence of yo/m Breasted, Esq., 
proprietor of Prospect Park Hotel, 
second house north of hotel. 

Athens, opp. Hudson. N. Y. 
Central R. R. Depot for freight near 
river, north of village. 



EAST BANK. 

Rhine Cliffy 90 miles from Ne\f 
York — with 

Rhinebeck Village two miles east, 

Barrytown. 96 miles from New 
York. 

Rokeby, residence of William B. 
Astor. 

Montgomery Place, i mile north 
of Barrytown, built by the widow 
of Gen. Richard Montgomery, who 
was killed at the storming of Que- 
bec in 1775. 

Criiger's Isla7id, two miles north 
of Barrytown. 

Tivoli, 100 miles from New York. 

'* Claremont,'''' original Living 
ston Manor. 

Germantown, 105 miles from 
New York. 

Livingston, 109 miles from New 
York. 

Catskill Station. 

Chnrch, the Artist, has a fine 
residence on the high point opposite 
Catskill. 

Residence of John E. Gillette, 
Esq. , nearer the river. 

Rogers Island, behind which the 
shipping of the New York mer» 
chants was concealed during the 
Revolution. 

Mount Merifio, two miles above, 
just south of the 

City of Hudson, 1 1 5 miles from 
New York, pop. 10,000. Extensive 
Iron Works near river. The Hud- 
son and Boston R. R. terminatei 
here. 



HUDSON TO ALBANY. 




HUDSON RIVER. XIII 

WEST BANK. EAST BANK. 

Four -Mile Point, 125 feet high. Stockport , four miles north of 

Coxsackie, pop. 2,500, 123 miles Hudson, 

from New York. Newtown Hook and Prospeci 

New Baltimore — here begin the Grove. 

government dykes. Stuyvesanty formerly Kinderhook 

Beereny ox Bear Island— m&Qimg Landing, 

point of the four counties of Al- Schodac Island, 8 miles long, 

bany, Rensselaer, Columlna, and Schodac Village, opposite Coey- 

Greene— site of the "Castle of man's. 

Rensselaerstein," from whose wall Nine-Mile Tree. 

Nicholas Koorn, the agent of Kil- Castleton, 135 miles from New 

lian Van Rensselaer, the Patroon, York. 

compelled passing vessels to dip Overslaugh, or Castleton Bar^ 

their colors and pay tribute or talvC extend5 about two miles up the 

the chances of being sunk by the river, 

ordinance of the fort. Extensive Dykes for several miles 

Coeyman''s — YLt\dtxhtxg Moun- ^^^^ ^y United States Govem- 

tains to the west, . ment 

Shad Island, north of Coeyman's, CampbelPs Island— ^xXh. Light on 
three miles long — old Indian fish- ^^ south end. 
ing ground. Greenbush, or East Albany, con- 
Albany, 144 miles from New ^ected with Albany by two fine 
York. Pop. 70,000. Towards the railroad bridges, 
south we see the buildings of the Xroy, six miles alcove Greenbush, 
Convent of the Sacred Heart, Alms- j^q ^^^^^ from New York. Pop- 
house, and further north the Cath- uiation 50,000. Extensive Iron 
edral, State House, City Hall, etc. Works just south of the city. 
Two extensive R. R. bridges cross Seat of Rensselaer Polytechnic 
the river at this place. Both are Institute, 
over 4,000 feet in length. Large building on the hill with 

Principal hotels are the Delavan four pointed towers is a Roman 

and Stanwix Hall. Catholic institution. 

At Albany we leave the Steamer and take Rensselaer and Saratoga 
R. R. for Saratoga Springs. An Omnibus conveys passengers to the 
B R. Depot. 



ALBANY AND TROY TO SARATOGA 





The Hudson River. 



AMONG the thousand streams which drain the great At 
lantic slope of North America, none is more attract- 
ive than the noble river at whose mouth stands the Empire City 
of the Western World. The magnificent bay through which 
it enters the ocean, the broad and deep waters which afford 
safe and easy navigation for large vessels a hundred and 
fifty miles inland, and the rich and beautiful country through 
which it flows, combine to render the Hudson River the 
most interesting among the streams of America. 

The annually increasing army of tourists and pleasure- 
seekers which opens its campaign early every spring, and 
continues its march until late in the fall, sends every year 
a stronger corps of observation to the Hudson ; and tourists 
find the great metropoHs is the most agreeable and con- 
renient starting-point for their summer excmsion. No- 
where can a traveling outfit be so advantageously procured , 
and a few days' sojourn amidst the whirl of business and 
fashion, which reaches its height just before the annual 
hegira to mountains, lakes, and forests, is usually a pleasant 
episode for pleasure-seekers of both sexes. 

The European visiting America can have no better intro- 
duction to the Western Continent than that which is afforded 



6 HUDSON RIVER. 

by a voyage up the Hudson; and travelers generally will 
find that the river forms naturally the first stage of any 
extended pleasure-tour through the Northern and Eastern 
States. 

scenery; 

No change can be more charming than that from the 
glaring walls and pavements of New York to the sparkling 
waves and green banks of the river. In a few seconds, the 
traveler is transported from the dusty streets, with their 
deafening roar of traffic, to the broad river swept by the 
fresh sea-breeze, and stretching before him as far as the eye 
can reach, dotted with sails, sparkling in the sunlight, and 
bordered by scenery which is unrivaled by that of any other 
river on the Atlantic coast. 

Scarcely has the traveler passed beyond the limits of the 
metropolis, when he is charmed -by the green wooded hills 
of Westchester County on the one hand, and awed by the 
frov/ning precipices of the PaHsades on the other. For 
twenty miles this mighty dyke of basaltic trap-rock shuts 
off the western sky, then suddenly disappears, and the 
view opens upon the rollhig hills of Rockland County and 
the blue outline of the distant Ramapo Mountains ; while on 
the east bank are thriving towns and elegant country-seats 
in almost continuous succession. Here, too, the river 
widens to the dimensions of a lake, which stretches its beau- 
tiful expanse nearly to the magnificent southern portal of 
the Highlands ; there it suddenly contracts to a channel 
half a mile in width, overhung by the scarred ' and rugged 
crags of the Donderberg and Anthonys Nose. For twenty 
miles above, the river winds amid the grand and rugged 
mountains of " The Highlands^'' at whose northern limit 
another portal opens, through which the swift steamer car- 
ries us to new sf enes 3f beauty beyond. 



HUDSON RIVER. 7 

Above the Highlands the banks continue high, and in 
some places precipitous, opening now and then as if to 
afford glimpses of the charming country on either side, 
until some thirty miles more have passed before us like 
a beautiful panorama, when the banks become still less 
abrupt, and the lofty range of the Catskill Mountains comes 
in full view to the westward. Of these we speak moie fully 
in another place. 

In short, the steamboat trip by daylight between New 
York and Albany is one which every traveler should make. 
The river is everywhere rich in historical, legendary, and 
poetical associations, while the unsurpassed scenery and the 
constant evidences of commercial activity combine to ren- 
der the trip one of ever-varying, never-ceasing interest. 

TOPOGRAPHY. 

The Hudson has its most remote sources among the 
highest peaks of the Adirondack Mountains, 4,000 feet 
above tide-water. Its numerous upper branches unite in 
the neighborhood of Fort Edward, 180 miles from the 
ocean, and thence follow a southerly course, broken by 
numerous falls and rapids, to Troy, where it meets tide- 
water. The remaining 150 miles are navigable by large 
steamers and coasting craft. Ships can ascend to Hudson. 
The principal tributaries are the Mohawk and Hoosick 
rivers, the former rising in the central part of New York, 
and the latter in southern Vermont, both joining the Hud- 
son near Troy, below which city the tributaries, though 
numerous, are small, none of them being navigable for more 
than two miles. 

The mountain-ranges through or near which the Hudson 
passes are part of the Appalachia?i system. The Highh.mh 
are a continuation of the Blue Ridge, which, after crossing 
Pennsylvania and New York, ends in the Green Mountaing 



8 HUDSON RIVER. 

of Vermont and New Hampshire. The Catshergs aiid 

HUderbergs are continuations of the westward ranges of 
the Alleghanies. 

The mean rise and fall of the tide at New York is about 
five feet, afid at Albany two and a half feet. 

GEOLOGY. 

The geology of the Hudson is of so complex a nature that 
it is difficult in a few words to give even its general char- 
acteristics. In the nomenclature of State surveys, it is part 
of the " New York system," which corresponds to the Silu- 
rian and Devonian systems of European geologists. From 
the mouth of the river to the northern limit of the Highlands, 
the prevailing rocks are primary or igneous, such as granite 
and gneiss, containing no organic remains, but mixed, cov- 
ered, and interstratified with shales, Hmestone, marble, ser- 
pentine, and sandstone ; while the huge basaltic trap-dyke 
known as the Palisades rises like a wall along the river foi 
twenty miles from its mouth, breaking up through the super- 
incumbent strata of rock and drift, and forming a marked 
feature in the geological map, as in the landscape. 

Above the Highlands the river flows through an extensive 
field of talco-argillaceous slate, which ranges from a gray 
color to almost black. In Dutchess County, veins of gold- 
bearing quartz are found injected into the cracks of this 
great slate system. Much of the drift of this region is 
formed of disintegrated slate. In Ulster County, wateij 
limestone is found in large quantities, and is very valuable 
for cement. Sandstone is found suitable for flagging. Fur- 
ther to the north the country is in ridges of sand or clay, 
mixed with slate in various stages of disintegration. 

AGRICULTURE, ETC. 

The river passes between the counties of Westchester 



HUDSON RIVER. f 

Bergen (N.J.), Rockland, Putnam, Orange, Dutchess, Ul- 
Iter, Columbia, Oreene, Rensselaer, and Albany. Of these, 
Rockland, Orange, and Dutchess counties may be mentioned 
as especially noted for the excellence of their dairy products. 
The two last-named of these counties are likewise famous 
\>reeding-places for trotting horses. The celebrated Ham- 
Dletonian stock is cultivated with great care, and some of 
the fastest trotters in the world have been raised and trained 
on the farms of this region. In the other counties hay and 
grain are cultivated to a considerable extent, and in some 
portions of them apples, pear&, and other fruits are raised 
in large quantities. Albany and Rensselaer counties are 
especially favorable to the cultivation of fruits, particularly 
plums, which are raised in great variety and perfection. 
The difference in temperature above and below the High- 
lands is very remarkable — fruits and cereals often reaching 
perfection at Peekskill two weeks in advance of the same 
crops at Newburg, twenty miles north. This difference is 
caused in great part by the sea-breeze, which is checked by 
the abrupt southern slope of the Highlands, leaving the 
region above open only to the colder breezes from the 
north. 

COMMERCE. 

The Hudson, during the season when it is not obstructed 
by ice, is the channel of extensive and increasing traffic. 
It is the natural outlet for lumber from the vast forests of 
the north. This lumber is floated down the main stream 
and its branches during the high water of early spring, and 
several millions of feet are every year brought to market in 
this manner. The Delaware and Hudson Canal brings vast 
quantities of coal from Pennsylvania, and keeps numerous 
barges constantly plying between its junction with the river 
at Rondout and the various cities reached by water from that 



lO HUDSON RIVER. 

point. The Erie Canal, connecting the Great Lakes with 
the ocean, through the Hudson River, affords means of 
transportation for Western produce and for the manufactured 
goods of the East. The immense " tows " of canal boats 
ascending and descending the river form an important and 
interesting feature of its commercial life. 

Quarries of various kinds of stone, valuable for building, 
paving, flagging, etc., are found at various points on and 
near the river; and in Ulster County water limestone, mak- 
ing the best cement, is found in inexhaustible quantities. 

Manufactories, founderies, machine-shops, ship-yards, and 
agricultural products unite to swell the numbers of every 
sort of vessel suitable for navigating these waters, and the 
fisheries afford employment and support to many men during 
the season for catching the different kinds of indigenous and 
migratory fish which inhabit the river and its tributaries. 

During the winter, many thousand tons of ice are cut and 
stored for domestic use and for exportation to other lands. 

HISTORY. 

It is difficult to fancy a greater change than that which 
has taken place at the mouth and along the shores of the 
Hudson River within the past two and a half centuries. In 
September, 1609, when Hendrick Hudson and his sturdy 
crew sailed through the narrows, and anchored their yacht, 
the Half-Moon, in New York Bay, the shores were covered 
with a magnificent forest, unbroken save by natural mead- 
ows, or by the villages of Indians. The beautiful bay 
and river, now one of the busiest scenes of commercial 
activity in the world, were without signs of human life, ex- 
cept the few canoes of the natives ; and Manhattan Island, 
with its dense population of a miUion souls, its splendid 
streets and buildings, and its proud commercial position as 
the Metropolis of the Western Continent, was a hilly, thickly 



HUDSON RIVER. II 

wcoded island, inhabited by a fierce and waiJke race of 
savages. 

Hendrick Hudson was sent out by the Dutch East India 
Company to search for a northwest passage to India, a prob- 
lem which has tempted explorers even to our own day ; and 
when he looked up the long line of the Palisades and noted 
the strong ebb and flow of the tidal currents at the mouth 
of the river, he thought his object gained. Accordingly he 
sailed up the river, viewing with wonder and delight the 
magnificent scenery, and observing the natural wealth of the 
country, until, on September 21, having reached the present 
site of Albany, he became convinced that he was following 
a river, and not a strait He was everywhere received with 
great friendliness by the Indians ; but when returning to the 
ocean, Hudson's mate shot an Indian for stealing, which 
caused an immediate collision, and several natives were 
killed. 

Hudson returned to Europe, and in consequence of his 
reports, trading vessels were soon sent out, and after a few 
years of traffic in furs, a settlement was made in 16 14, on the 
southern point of Manhattan Island. 

During the Revolutionary War, the Hudson was the scene 
of constant activity on the part of both armies. Washing- 
ton early perceived the strategic importance of the river and 
its dependencies, and used every means to retain posses- 
sion. The British, however, in 1776, wrested Manhattan 
Island from our then inexperienced troops, and retained it 
during the war. They were unable to effect a permanent 
lodgment above the island, although they made several suc- 
cessful raids up the river, once reaching as far as Kingston. 
Fortifications were erected at various commanding points 
along the river, whose sites are pointed out in the following 
pages. 



12 HUDSON RIVER. 



THE DAY LINE OF STEAMERS 



Plying between New York and Albany possesses attrac 
tions and advantages which are seldom combined in one 
route of equal length. 

The whole distance between the Metropolis of the West- 
ern Hemisphere and the capital of the Empire State is 
most remarkable for the beauty of its scenery, and for the 
evidences of commercial prosperity which greet the eye on 
every hand. 

The boats of this line — namely, the well-known C. Vibbard 
and the Daniel Drew — are probably without exception the 
swiftest steamboats in the world. Built especially to meet 
the requirements of summer travelers on the Hudson River, 
these boats combine qualities of speed and comfort with fa- 
cilities for viewing the magnificent scenery through which 
they pass. 

To this end, while ample retiring-rooms are provided for 
ladies or invalids, the decks are unusually broad and open, 
so that an unobstructed view of the neighboring scenery may 
be obtained from almost any part of the boat. In order to 
meet the needs of persons who are unable to endure the 
strong breeze caused by the rapid motion of the boat, the 
forward saloons are provided with large windows, whence 
everything can be seen as well as from the more airy prom- 
enade decks. 

Spacious and well-ventilated dining-saloons enable the 
traveler to take his meals in comfort and luxury, unannoyed 
by the usual accompaniments which ordinarily mark the din- 
ing-room of a steamboat as a sleeping apartment. 

Travelers ascending the Hudson by rail, or at night, lose 
the extreme pleasure of this delightful trip. The cinders* 
smoke, noise, and fatigue of a railway journey need not be 



Diameter of cyliiider. . 62 inches 
Length of stroke. ... 12 feet. 



HUDSON RIVER. IJ 

mentioned to the modern traveler ; while the partial views ob- 
tained of river and mountains from a night boat serve but to 
suggest the charms of nature which only a trip by daylight 
can fully reveal. 

The two boats are essentially the same in size and equip- 
ments. The dimensions of the C. Vibbard are as follows : 

Length of keel. 265 feet. 

Breadth of beam. . 34 *' 

Depth of hold 9 ft. 8 in. 

The highest speed ever attained by these boats was made 
by the Vibbard^ which went from New York to Tarrytown, 
27 miles, in one hour. The same boat also has run from 
West Point to Newburg (10 miles) in 20 J minutes. This 
speed was made on an extraordinary occasion, and it need 
not be expected that the powers of the boats will be so test- 
ed when loaded with passengers. The ordinary rate of speed 
is fully great enough to satisfy any reasonable traveler. 

The boats leave Pier 39, North River, at the foot of Vestry 
Street, New York, at 8. lo o'clock a.m., touching 15 minutes 
later at 24th Street, and reaching Albany at 6 o'clock p.m., 
landing at the foot of the Canal Basin, whence they start on 
their return trips at 8.30 o'clock A.M., reaching New York at 6.00 
o'clock P.M. To reach the foot of Vestry Street, New York, 
by horse-cars, take any of the up and down town lines, and re- 
quest the conductor to let you off when he crosses the Grand 
Street cross-town line^ which will land you at Pier 40, N. R. 

To reach the foot of 24th Street, N. R., take the loth Av- 
enue line and get off at 23d Street, whence a short walk wiii 
take you to the wharf. Any cross-town line of cars will en- 
able you to reach the loth Avenue without walking. 



HUDSON RIVER. 



The Route of the Hudson Riveil 



JEBSEY CITY AND HOBOKEN. 

/ As the steamer leaves her wharf 
'and turns her head to the ntjrthward, 
the panorama of river and bay 
opens before us. To the westward is 
yersey City^ merging into Hoboken, 
the limit of the latter place being 
marked by the rocky promontory 
long known as Castle Hill, on which 
stands the mansion of the Stevens 
family. In the vicinity of Hoboken 
are many elegant residences of weal- 
thy New Yorkers, but the rapid in- 
crease of population is fast depriving 
them of the almost rural seclusion 
which they have until recently en- 
joyed, and the ornamental grounds 
which for a long time beautified the 
ridge back of the town are cut up 
into city lots. 

On the east side of the river is 
New York, with its apparently in- 
terminable line of wharves and 
rows of warehouses, stretching 
northward as far as the eye can 
reach, and ending in a forest of 
masts towards the south, beyond 
which are the gray walls of Castle 
William on Governor's Island, and 
still further the waters of Nezu York 
Bayy the Narrows^ and Staten Isl- 
and, The scene is always full of life 
and Tariety,and at certain times when 



wind and tide are favorable, the 
waters are alive with craft of all 
sizes, making for their various des- 
tinations all over the world, and 
seemingly in danger of constant col- 
lision. 

WEEHAWKEN. 

North Bergen, Bergen Co.., JV. y. 

Between Hoboken and Weehaw- 
ken are the Elysian Fields, former- 
ly a beautiful park, but now retain- 
ing few traces of the rural walks 
which once made it a favorite resort 
of New Yorkers. It continues to 
be visited by large numbers of pleas- 
ure-seekers, but the attractions af- 
forded by its noble trees and romantic 
grottoes have vanished, to make 
room for beer-gardens and places of 
entertainment. The Indian name 
was Wee hawk, but custom has add- 
ed the termination now invariably 
affixed. The scene of the duel be- 
tween Alexander Hatnilton and 
Aaron Burr is in Weehawken. The 
spot was formerly marked by a 
monument, but some reckless per- 
son destroyed it, and now but few 
are able to point out the place. It 
is a short distance above the point 
where a steep bank approaches the 
shore of the river. The fatal quar- 
rel between these two prominent 



HUDSON RIVER. 



15 



men was a ji.olitical one, and was 
marked by great malignity on the 
part of Burr, who took deadly aim, 
notwithstanding Hamilton's avowed 
purpose — which he carried out — of 
not returning his fire. Hamilton 
received a wound which proved fa- 
tal in a few days, and Burr was 
from that time almost ostracized, 
owing to the indignation of the pub- 
lic at what was esteemed a cold- 
blooded murder. 

MANHATTANVILLE 
Is a part of New York. The name 
is applied fo the neighborhood of 
I32d Street. The conspicuous 
building on high ground, a little 
south of Manhattanville, is the Lu- 
natic Asylum. It is surrounded by 
about forty acres of ornamental 
grounds, which are devoted to the 
use of the inmates of the Asylum. 
Nearer the river is the Claremont 
Hotels where in former years lived 
Viscount Courtenay^ afterwards 
Earl of Devon. yoseph Bona- 
parte occupied the house during the 
first year of his exile in this coun- 
try. It is now a popular resort for 
frequenters of the Eloomingdale 
ro?jd. 

CARMANSVILLE. 
At 1 5 2d Street is another suburb 
of New York, and, being further 
from the city, contains more of the 
elements of a rural district. The dis- 
fcmguished naturalist Audubon lived 



here for many years, and is buried 
in Trinity Cemetery near-by. The 
large building surmounted by a 
dome a little above Carmansville is 
the New York Institution for the 
Deaf and Dumb. It stands on the 
southern slope of Washington 
Heights, commanding a wide view, 
and surrounded by spacious and 
cultivated grounds. The buildings 
are m the form of a quadrangle, and 
are capable of accommodating 450 
pupils. The institution is the old- 
est of its kind in the country, ex- 
cepting that at Hartford, Conn. 
It was incorporated April 15th, 
1817. 

FORT WASHINGTON. 

10 miles from New York. 

That portion of Manhattan Island 
known by the name of Washington 
Heights is the only part which re- 
tains to any great degree the natu- 
ral attractions which formerly ren- 
dered the whole island so beautiful. 
The grading and leveling of city 
engineers has not yet reached this 
charming region, although it is pen- 
etrated by streets in every direction, 
and contains elegant residences 
throughout its whole extent. The 
fortification after which this place is 
named was an extensive earthwork 
occupying the crown of Washington 
Heights, and commanding tht river 
above and below, as well as the 
neighboring country. It formed tho 



i6 



HUDSON RIVER. 



end and citadel of an irregular line 
of works extending along the north- 
em part of the island. The point 
extending into the river under Wash- 
ington Heights is Jeffrey's Hook, 
and among its cedars are mounds 
which mark the site of a redoubt 
built at the same time with the 
neighboring fortifications. These 
works, with their garrison of 2, 700 
roen, were captured by the British 
after a sharp resistance, on Nov. 
15, 1776. This was the second de- 
feat of the Americans in New York, 
and was a severe blow to the friends 
of the republic in this vicinity. 

FORT LEE. 

Hackensack, Bergen Co., N. y. 
10 miles from Neiu York. 
The traveler is now opposite the 
lower end of the Palisades, which 
stretch in an unbroken wall of col- 
umnar trap-rock for 20 miles along 
the river. These rocks vary in 
height from 3(X) to 500 feet above 
the water, and are crovmed by a 
heavy growth of timber. Houses 
are already beginning to be erected 
along the edge of this cliff, which 
commands a wide and beautiful 
view of the river and its shores, in- 
cluding Manhattan Island and the 
East River to Long Island Sound. 
Doubtless before many years a con- 
tinuous line of villas will crown the 
lop of this remarkable ridge. Fort 
Le4 stood on the summit of the 



ridge at its southern extremity. A 
little village now occupies its site. 
The remains of the fort are scarcely 
discernible, and cannot be seen at 
all from the river. This fort wa» 
occupied by the Americans until 
after the British had captured Fort 
Washington in 1776, when it also 
was abandoned, and the Americans 
retreated across the State of New 
Jersey. 

SPTJYTEN DUYVIL. 

Neiv York City and Co. 
12 miles frotn New York. 

The cluster of houses on the up- 
per side of the creek whose mouth 
is here seen, is known as Sptcyten 
Duyvil, but the name was orig- 
inally applied only to the creek 
itself, which connects Harlem River 
with the Hudson, thereby forming 
Manhattan Island. Through this 
estuary tide-water flows, the cur- 
rents meeting at or near Kings- 
bridge, about a mile from the Hud- 
son. 

The name Spuyten Diiyvil ]& 
ascribed by the veracious Diedrich 
Knickerbocker (Washington Ir- 
ving), to Anthony Van Corlear, thf 
redoubtable Dutch trumpeter, who, 
being bound on an important mis- 
,sion to the mainland, and finding 
himself unable to procure a boat, 
swore that ^^ en sptiyt den dnyvil** 
be would swim the creek. He 
plunged in, and when midway across 



HUDSON RIVER. 



17 



fv^as observed to struggle violently, 
until no longer able to resist the 
Duyvil, who was doubtless tugging 
at his legs, he raised his trumpet to 
his lips, gave a loud blast, and sank 
forever to the bottom. However 
it obtained its name, the vicinity 
is interesting. The creek formed 
the southern boundary of the fa- 
mous neutral ground of revolu- 
tionary times, where the regular 
troops of the American and British 
armies were continually making 
raids. At Kingsbridge, redoubts 
were thrown up on both sides of 
the creek, and on December 19, 
1780, an encounter took place be- 
tween the Americans and a large 
detachment of British and Hes- I 
sians, which led to no decisive re- 
sult. Another skirmish occurred 
here in 1776, between a party of 
American stragglers and a Hessian 
guard, in which the former gained 
the advantage. Prior to these 
events, Hendrick Hudson and the 
Manhattan Indians had a long-sus- 
tained fight just at the mouth of che 
creek, where Hudson anchored the 
Half -Moon, in October, 1609. The 
Indians tried to board the yacht from 
their canoes, but were repulsed, 

PALISADES MOUNTAIN HOUSE. 

Englewood, Bergen Co., N'. y. 

Opposite Spuyten Duyvil is Ly- 
decker Peak, the highest point of the 
Palisades, which projects somewhat 



into the river. Upon this peak 
stands the magnificent Palisades 
Mountain House, in full view from 
the railroad and river. It is one of 
the finest summer hotels on the 
Hudson, and owing to the charming 
scenery it commands, the beautiful 
drives about it, its nearness to New 
York, its ease of access, and the 
superb style in which it is kept, it 
is a very popular resort for New 
Yorkers. It is reached by steam- 
boats from Harrison street, New 
York, to the dock at the foot of 
the Palisades, where stages await 
each boat, or by Northern N, J, 
R. R., from Chambers St, and W. 
23d St., to Englewood, N. J. The 
house is kept by D. S. Hammond, 
a very popular proprietor. 

RIVERDALE. 

New York City and Co., 14 Miles 
from City Hall. 
This village is composed almost 
entirely of the country residences of 
gentlemen doing business in New 
York, About a mile and a half 
above Riverdale is Mt. St. Vincent y 
a large educational institution, 
owned and controlled by the Roman 
Catholics. It is under the control of 
the Sisters of Charity, who pur- 
chased Font Hill, from the celebra- 
tedtragedian, Edwin Forrest. The 
castellated structure of dark stone 
was built by Forrest as a private resi- 
dence. This building is now part 



i8 



HUDSON RIVER. 



of the Mt. St. Vincent Academy, 
though, unfortunately, the two 
buildings are architecturally inhar- 
monious. 

YONKERS. 

Yonkers, Westchester Co., N. V. 
17 miles from Ne7v York. 

Yonkers is a floiirishing town at 
the mouth of the Neperah or Saw- 
Mill River. The former name was 
given by the Indians, and signifies 
** rapid-water village," aptly de- 
scribing the series of falls and rapids 
with which the stream joins the 
Hudson. The town is largely com- 
posed of the residences of city busi- 
ness men. Hendrick Hudson an- 
chored off Yonkers when ascending 
the river in September, 1609, and 
was visited by large numbers of In- 
dians with whom he traded. In 
the evening the tide set strongly up 
stream, which confirmed Hudson in 
the belief that he was in a passage 
between two oceans. 

The name Yonkers is derived 
from the Dutch Yoiik-hcer, signi- 
fying the heir of a family. 

The greater part of this region 
was purchased from the Van der 
DoncV family, to whom it was ori- 
ginally granted by Frederick Phil- 
i|ise. The old Philipse Manor 
still exists, and is a most attractive 
•bject for those interested in relics 
©f the olden time. The manor 
Hands within the town of Yonkers. 



The older portion was Duilt in 1682, 
and the more modem portion in 
1745. It is probably the finest 
specimen of an old-fashioned man- 
sion in the country. The interior 
decorations have been scrupulously 
preserved, and are very quaint and 
curious. In this old Hall was bom 
Mary Philipse, the belle of her day 
and the early love of Washington. 
She chose to marry another, Roger 
Morris; but it is said that Wash- 
mgton always cherished the memory 
of the beautiful heiress of Philips* 
Manor. 

HASTINGS. 

Greenburg, Westchester Co., N. IT, 
21 7niles front Neiv York. 

About midway between Yonkers 
and Hastings, on the opposite side 
of the river, is the highest point of 
the Palisades, nearly 500 feet above 
the river. It is known as ''Indian 
Head," and from it may be obtained 
a wide view over the neighboring 
countrjfc Hastings is similar in 
its characteristics to Yonkers, and 
contains many beautiful country- 
seats. The country in its vicinity 
is diversified, and intersected by 
excellent roads, which render the 
rides and drives m every direction 
most attractive. 

A British force, under Cornwal- 
lis, crossed the river at this place 
in 1776, joined another force ia 
captvu-ing Fort Lee, and then purw 




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HUDSON RIVER. 



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taed the Americans to the Dela- 
ware River. 

DOBBS' FERRY. 

Greenburg-, West:hester Co., N. Y. 
22 miles from New York. 

A village of considerable size, 
containing villas and cottages of 
tasteful and elegant appearance. 
The village is named after a ferry 
which was kept in olden times be- 
tween this place and Piermont op- 
posite, by one Dobbs, a Swede. 
An attempt was made some years 
since to have this name changed to 
** Pauldi7tg" as being both more 
euphonious and appropriate. The 
proposition led to quite a contro- 
versy in the newspapers ; but pub- 
lic opinion decided, for the time at 
least, in favor of the old Swedish 
ferryman. The river here widens 
into Tappan Bay^ or as it was 
called by the Dutch, Tapaan Zee. 
This bay extends to Croton Point, 
having an average width of nearly 
four miles. 

Dobbs' Ferry is well known in 
Revolutionary annals. The British 
concentrated their forces here after 
their dearly bought victory at 
Wliite Plains, five miles east. This 
battle took place in October, 1776. 

In 1777 a division of the Ameri- 
can army, under General Lincoln, 
was encamped here for several 
months. The Commission sent by 
Sir Henry Clinton to intercede for 



the life of the unfortunate spy 
Major Andre, landed here and held 
a long but unsuccess^vil consultation 
with General Greene, the president 
of the court which condemned him 
to death. Greene met the Chief of 
the Commission by permission of 
General Washington, only in the 
character of a private gentleman ; 
but although both friend and foe 
desired to save Andre's life, the con- 
ference proved unavailing. Dobbs' 
Ferry was the first place appointed 
for a meeting between Andre and 
Arnold. The plan, however, was 
not successfully carried out. 
PIERMONT. 

Orangetown, Rockland Coufity, N". Y. 
24 miles from New York. 
A short distance below Piermont 
is the line between New York and 
New Jersey, near which the Pali- 
sades recede from the shore and 
lose their precipitous character. 
The ridge continues, however, in a 
series of hills reaching, in some 
places, a height of nearly 700 feet, 
but nowhere resuming the peculiar 
palisade formation. The long pier 
which projects into the river from 
this place is the terminus of a 
branch of the Erie Railway, which 
connects with the main line at Suf- 
fern, 18 miles west. Two miles 
back of Piermont is Tappan, where, 
on October 2d, 1780, Major Andr^ 
was tried, condemned, and execut- 
ed. (See page 22.) 



to 



HUDSON RIVEK. 



IRVINGTON, 

Oreeniurj^, Westchester County, N. V., 
24 miles front Neiu York, 

Is a village of comparatively re- 
cent growth, inhabited in great part 
by the families of gentlemen whose 
places of business are in New York. 
The village is named in honor of 
Washitigtojt Irving, the genial au- 
thor whose pen has done so much 
to preserve whatever is interesting 
in the traditionary history of the 
Hudson River. * ' Sim ny side, ' ' the 
home of Irving during the last 
years of his life, is a little north of 
the village, and glimpses of the 
picturesque house and groimds may 
be caught from the steamer as it 
passes. This house, with its quaint 
Dutch gables, includes the original 
building known to readers of Ir- 
ving's works as *' Wolfert's Roost," 
where Ichabod Crane courted the 
lovely Katrina Van Tassel, as re- 
lated in the "Legend of Sleepy 
Hollow." Irving died November 
28th, 1859, and was buried in the 
cemetery near Tarrytown, in that 
very "Sleepy Hollow" which his 
graceful pen has made fs-?ever fa- 
tuous. 

TARRYTOWN. 

Cretnhurg^ and Mt. Pleasant, West- 
chester Co., N. Y. 
29 miles frottt Neiv York. 

Tarrytown is delightfully situated 
on a hillside overlooking the river 



and the Palisades t j the southward, 
and commanding a distant view of 
the Ramapo Mountains and th« 
Hudson Highlands to the west and 
north. 

The whole town is thickly stud- 
ded with dwellings of every size and 
every style of beauty. Prominent 
among these is the white marble 
edifice known as Paulding Manor, 
which stands just below the towa. 
It was built by descendants of Coni« 
modore Paulding, and is one of the 
finest specimens of the Elizabethan 
style of architecture in this country. 
It has passed out of the possession 
of the Paulding family. 

A little above Tarrytown is the 
Pocantico, a small stream flowing 
through the valley, called by the 
Dutch Slaepe7-igh Haven, and 
translated into English as Slee^ 
Hollow. About half a mile from 
the mouth of this stream is an old 
Dutch church, which is a curiosity 
in its way. It is the oldest church 
edifice in the State of New York, 
having been built in 1699. Its walla 
contain bricks which were imported 
from Holland when the church was 
erected. The old bell still hangs in 
the belfry, on whose pointed roof 
an iron vane still turns, bearing the 
monogram of the founder of the 
church, Frederick Philipse, whose 
mansion, known as Philipse Castle, 
stands on the banks of the stream 
not far distant. This is the dwelling 



HUDSON RIVER. 



SI 



whence the Philipse family moved 
when the mansion' at Yonkers was 
built. 

To the eastward of the church is 

the valley of Sleepy Hollow, and 

the identical bridge, or at least its 

iiccessor, over wliich the Headless 

iessian pursued Ichabod Crane, 



as related by Irving in the " Legend 
of Sleepy Hollow." Between this 
bridge and Tarry town the road 
crosses Andre's Brook, and near by 
stands a monument marking the 
spot where he was captured. A 
suitable inscription gives the leading 
facts connected with that event. 




The Palisades. 



Andre and Arnold. 

The story of Arnold's treason and of Andre's capture and exe- 
cution is one of the most interesting in our history, and we wiL 
briefly recount the leading facts concerning it. 

Benedict Arnold was, at the time of his treason, a major-gene« 
ral in the American army, having won his position by distin- 
guished gallantry and zeal in the cause of the repubHc. It is 
not necessary here to trace the successive steps which led to his 
fall. Suffice it to say that certain acts of his while in command 
at Philadelphia led to his trial by court-martial. He was merely 
sentenced to be reprimanded, but the sentence, mild as it was, 
embittered him towards his country, and he soon began to take 
steps towards opening a correspondence with the enemy. He 
succeeded in getting himself assigned to the command of West 
Pomt and vicinity, and under the name of " Gustavus " began 
negotiations for the surrender of West Point with Sir Henry 
Clinton, then commanding the British forces which held New 
York. Finally arrangements were made for a meeting with 
Major John Andrd^ Adjutant-General of the British army. The 
first appointment was not kept, but a second was more successful. 
The British sloop of war Vulture was sent up to Teller's Point 
with Andre on board. Nothing occurred the first night ; but the 
second night Arnold sent a small-boat, in which Andrd was 
brought ashore. The boat landed on the west side of the river, 
at the mouth of Haverstraw Creek, just below Stony Point, and 
Arnold and Andrd consulted together until daylight. Their 
plans were incomplete when day broke, and Arnold persuaded 
his companion to go with him to a tory house near by. Horses 
were at hand, provided by Arnold, and they rode together 
through the dark woods. Presently they were challenged by a 



HUDSON RIVER. 3$ 

sentry, and then Andrd perceived that he was within the enemy's 
h'ne — a spy. They went on, however, and entered the house. 
As soon as dayhght was sufficiently clear, an American gun 
opened fire on the Vulture from Teller's Point, and the vessel 
weighed anchor and dropped down the river. Andr^ was in 
uniform, but in order to provide against discovery he put on a 
plain coat. In the course of the day plans for the surrender 
of the garrisons about West Point were completed, and Andr^ 
was anxious to regain the British lines. Being unable to 
get a boat to take him down to the Vulture, Andrd was 
forced to take the land route. Accordingly he crossed King's 
Ferry from Stony to Verplanck's Point, passed through the 
American works at the latter, and, guided by a tory named 
Smith, and a negro servant, proceeded down the Tarrytown 
road. Arnold had given the party all necessary passes, so that 
American guards only halted the party temporarily. Reaching 
the last outpost the officer on duty persuaded them to remain all 
night, owing to the danger from marauders on the road further 
south. Early in the morning they went on. Andre's guide, ac- 
companied him as far as Croton River, and there left him to go 
DH alone. No regular American patrols went south of this 
river, but on this particular morning a party of volunteers had 
agreed to guard the road, and three of them were stationed at 
the brook near Sleepy Hollow. Andrd soon appeared, and 
although he tried to disarm their suspicions, they compelled him 
to dismount and submit to a search. In his stockings were 
found the fatal papers. Andrd offered bribes to a large amount 
if they would let him go, but the stern patriots refused his highest 
offers, and marched him off to the nearest American post. The 
commanding officer, Colonel Jamieson, was very near sending 
prisoner, papers, and all to Arnold, but Major Tallmadge per- 
suaded him to send only a letter detailing the circumstances of 
the arrest. This letter Arnold received while at breakfast. He 
immediately left the table, ordered his horse, saying that he was 
wanted down the river, rode to Beverly Dock (see page ), 
and leaping into his six-oared barge went down the river with 
all speed to the Vulture. 



14 HUDSON RIVER. 

Andrd at once wrote to Washington, franlay telling the whole 
truth about his complicity with Arnold, and closing with the 
words " Thus was I betrayed (being Adjutant-General of the 
British army) into the vile condition of an enemy in disguise 
within your posts." Washington convened a court, which tried 
Andrd at Tappan. The accused so freely and truthfully ad- 
mitted all the charges and specifications, that it was not neces- 
sary to examine a single witness, and the Court, after long 
deliberation, reluctantly sentenced him to death. Much sym- 
pathy was felt for Andrd throughout the American camp, but 
everyone acknowledged that under the circumstances no leniency 
should be shown. An informal proposition was made to ex- 
change him for Arnold, but neither Washington nor Sir Henry 
Clinton would officially consider this plan, and on October 2. 
1780, Andre was hung. 

In 1832 his remains were removed to England, and a monu- 
ment stands in Westminster Abbey on which the sad story is 
inscribed. Arnold was made a Major-General in the British 
army, and received ;^ 10,000, the price of his treason, but was 
despised even by his brother officers, and died with hardly a 
friend to mourn his loss. Monuments have been erected to the 
memory of Paulding and Van Wart, two of the men engaged in 
Andrd's capture at Peekskill and Tarrytown. 



HUDSON RIVER. 



a5 



NYACK. 

Orangetoivn, Rockland Co., N. V. 
27 miles from New York. 

Nearly opposite Tarrytown, at 
the foot of a precipitous hill. Red 
sandstone was formerly quarried in 
large quantities near this place, but 
the discovery of equally good stone 
nearer the river has rendered it \m- 
profitable to work the mines. 

SING SING. 

Ossining, Westchester Co., N. Y. 
32 miles from Neiu York. 

This town is on the east bank, 
and a large part of its houses com- 
mand an extensive view down the 
river. Sing Sing is best knovim as 
the site of the State Prison, to 
which most of the convicts of New 
York City are sent. The white 
prison buildings will be readily re- 
cognized at the lower end of the 
town. The marble of which these 
buildii »^s are constructed is the kind 
known as dolomite. It is quarried 
near by, and the prisons have been 
buili by the convicts themselves 
The main building was ready foi 
occupation in 1829, but has received 
improvements and additions since. 
In connection with the prison, the 
name of Capt. Elam Lynds should 
not be forgotten. This officer took 
charge of a party of one hundred 
convicts at Auburn, brought them 
to Sing Sing (there were no rail- 



roads in those days), and set them 
to work to wall themselves in, 
which in due time was accomplished, 
and thus Sing Sing prison was be- 
gun. Capt. Lynds was a natural 
disciplinarian, and is said to have 
brought the hundred men from Au- 
burn with the aid of only a few 
guards. 

Opposite Sing Sing is a liigh hill, 
projecting somewhat into the river. 
This is known by its old Dutch 
name of Verdritege Hook. The 
name signifies "grievous," and was 
given in consequence of the frequent 
squalls which beset the sailor in this 
neighborhood. Rockland Lake lies 
on one of the shoulders of this 
mountain. This lake is about half 
a mile from the river, and 300 feet 
above it. Large quantities of ice 
are cut from its surface every win- 
ter. The slide by which the ice is 
sent down to be loaded on barges 
may be seen near the landing, lead- 
ing straight up the hillside to the 
lake shore. The peculiar sharp- 
pointed peak near by is known as 
the High Torn. 

TELLER'S AND CROTON 
POINTS. 

Cortland, Westchester Co., N". Y. 
36 miles from New York. 

The extremity of this tongue of 
land, projecting far into the rive< 
from its eastern bank, is known as 



96 



HUDSON RIVER. 



Teller's Point. Croton Point is 
that portion nearet the shore of the 
river. It separates Tappan Bay from 
Ilaverst7'aw Bay. Off this point 
the Vulture anchored when she 
brought Andre to meet Arnold, and 
from thence the gun was brought to 
bear which drove that vessel down 
the river. Croton Point is now 
occupied by the vineyards of Dr. 
Underhill, whose pure wines are 
much used for medicinal purposes. 

Just below Teller's Point is the 
mouth of Croton River ^ which 
supplies New York with water. 
This stream has a wide mouth, 
sometimes called Croton Bay, which 
was partly filled up in 1841 by the 
washing away of the Croton Reser- 
voir dam. The work was, however, 
pressed forward, and in 1842 water 
was supplied to the city through the 
Lroton pipes. The aqueduct is 
built of solid masonry, and follows 
the course of the Hudson at an 
average distance of about a mile 
from its shore. This aqueduct is 
capable of discharging 60,000,000 
gallons per day into the receiving 
reservoir in the Central Park, New 
Yoi'k. The entire cost of the Cro- 
ton works at their completion was 
about $14,000,000. Since that 
time gi-eat improvements and addi- 
tions have been made, to meet the 
demands of the growing city. It is 
estimated that the Croton River 
will supply water enough for New 



York even if the city should tt»s3k 

five times its present size. 

HAVERSTRAW. 

Haverstra^v, Rockland Co., N". 1^, 
36 miles from New York. 

For a few miles below Havei* 
straw, the summits of the ' High, 
lands are distinctly in sight, up 
the rivtr, although their bases are 
hidden by intervening hills. The 
long ridge-like elevation, toward 
which the boat heads, is the Donder- 
berg, near 1,000 feet in height, 
Haverstraw is the village seen on a 
high bank, or plateau, on the west 
side of the river, which above Cro- 
ton Point spreads out into the wide 
and beautiful expanse known as 
Haverstraw Bay. 

VERPLANCK'S POINT AND 
STONY POINT. 

38 miles from New York. 
These two points mark the up- 
per end of Haverstraw Bay. Stony 
Point is on the west side of the 
river, a bold rocky eminence, hav- | 
ing a lighthouse on its summit. * 
Opposite, on the east side of the 
river, is Verplanck" s Point, which 
may be recognized by several laigc 
brick-making establishments, with 
their kilns and drying-houses. Just 
below Stony Point is Grassy Pointy 
and opposite to it Montrass^t 
Point. Between Stony and Ver« 
planck's Point the river is only half 



HUDSON RnrER. 



«y 



a mile wide, which fact, together 
with the commanding positions af- 
forded by the neighboring hills, ren- 
dered this an important pass dm-ing 
the Revolutionary War. Long pre- 
vious to that war a ferry was es- 
tablished here known as King's Fer- 
ry, forming an important avenue 
of communication between the East- 
em and Middle States. The im- 
portance of the Hudson River as a 
base of operations and as a natural 
boundary was early recognized by 
Washington, and here, as at Wash- 
ington Heights, fortifications were 
erected commanding the river. 

A short distance southwest of 
Stony Point is Treason Hill, 
whereon stands Smith's house, in 
which Andr^ and Arnold com- 



pleted their scheme for the sur- 
render of West Point, and whence 
Andre started to cross King's 
Ferry, on his fatal journey toward 
New York. 

Above Stony Point a high lime- 
stone cliff rises from near the water's 
edge. At its foot are the "Tomp- 
kins Lime Kilns," looking like a 
stone fortress with arched case- 
mates. These quarries have been 
worked for many years, and vast 
quantities of slaked lime are annual- 
ly shipped to market. Besides the 
lime, between 30,000 and 40,000 
tons of gravel, too coarse for slak- 
ing, are used for roads in the Cen- 
tral Park, New York, and othei 
public highways in the vicinity. 



28 HUDSON RIVER. 



The Capture of Stony Point. 

The forts located at Stony Point were held by the Americans until 
June ist, 1779, when they were simultaneously invested by a British force, 
eommanded by Sir Henry Clinton. No direct attack was made on Fort 
Lafayette, the work on Verplanck's Point, until after the evacuation of 
Stony Point. The garrison at the latter place numbered only 40 men. 
and abandoned the work on the approach of an overwhelming force of 
the British, who quietly took possession, ran up the cross of St. George 
on the flagstaff, and opened fire on Fort Lafayette with the captured 
guns. At the same time Gen. Vaughan attacked on the east side of 
the river, and the weak garrison of 70 men was soon forced to surrender. 
The loss of this position was a severe blow to the Americans, compelling 
them to make a wide detour in order to keep up their communications. 
Genera/ Anthony Wayne at once requested and obtained permission to 
Btorm Stony Point, and at midnight on the 15th of July, 1779, led two 
columns of picked men to the assault. They advanced undiscovered 
tmtil they were close upon the British picket, which of course gave the 
alarm, and the garrison turned out. The parapet was manned, and a 
scathing fire of grape and musketry swept the hillside; but "Mad An- 
thony " was at the head of his column, and, within half an hour aftei 
the first shot, carried the works at the bayonet's point, capturing the 
entire garrison with its stores. Wayne was knocked over, but not 
seriously injured, by a musket ball. The next morning a cannonade 
was opened on the works at Verplanck's Point, and continued through 
*he day. Re-enforcements were sent to the British, and it soon became 
^ddent that sufficient force to hold Stony Point could not be spared by 
the Americans. They therefore dismantled and abandoned the fort, 
and it passed again into British hands. They, however, in turn abandoned 
the position in October, and from that time the Americans retained 
possession. 



HUDSON RIVER. 



«9 



FEEKSKlLL. 

Courtland, Westchester Co., N. Y. 
43 miles from New York. 

Soon after rounding Verplanck's 
Point, Peekskill may be seen 
near the Highlands, on the east 
bank of the river. At this point, 
in ascending the river, a stranger 
naturally infers that the river 
follows the base of the high hills 
stretching to the eastward. This 
delusion is aided by the wide 
creek or inlet which opens in that 
dii-ection. It will not therefore be 
thought strange that in early times 
Jan Peek, a Dutch skipper, steered 
his craft up this creek and in due 
time ran her hard and fast aground. 
Jan looked about him, and seeing 
that the land was good, concluded 
to remain, which he accordingly did, 
and the place is called Peek's Kill 
unto this day. The village is a 
pleasant one, and within easy reach 
of all interesting parts of the High- 
lands. The Rro. Henry Ward 
Beecher has a country residence a 
little east of the village. 

Fort Independence stood, during 
Revolutionary t'mes, on the point 
above Peekskill, where its ruins may 
Btill be seen. 

The village on the point opposite 
Peekskill is CaldwelPs Landing, 
and above it rise the rocky and 
weather-beaten crags of the Donder- 



berg, or Tliundei -mountain, ar ound 
which, at the close of a sultry sum- 
mer day, black clouds are wont 
to gather, casting a deep inky black* 
ness over mountain and river, while 
mutterings of thunder are echoed 
from peak to peak, with such strango 
and confused rumblings that we can 
hardly wonder at the superstitions 
which, according to Irving, peopled 
the hills with a crowd of little imps 
in sugar-loaf hats and short doublets, 
who were seen at various times 
"tumbling head over heels in the 
rack and mist," and bringing down 
frightful squalls on such craft as fail, 
ed to drop the peaks of their main- 
sails in salute to the Dutch goblin 
who kept the Donderberg. As the 
boat passes Peekskill the view up 
stream becomes truly magnificent. 
On the east shore opposite, and a 
little above the Donderberg, is An- 
thofty^s Nose, over 1,200 feet high. 
In the *• History of New York," 
Irving gives an amusing account, too 
long to quote here, of the origin of 
this name. Another, and perhaps 
more trustworthy account, says that 
it was once jocularly compared to 
the nose of one Anthony Hogans, 
the captain of a sloop, who possess- 
ed an unusually large nose, and thus 
the name obtained a local currency 
which eventually became fixed as 
the title of this majestic hill. Ou 






30 



HUDSON RIVER. 



the west side ot the river is lona 
Island, on which are extensive vine- 
yards. This island is the northern- 
most point which is reached by the 
sea-breeze. The effect upon vege- 
tation is very noticeable in the 
spring of the year. 

The stream which may be seen 
falling into the river below Antho- 
ny's Nose is known as Brocken Kill. 
It is full of romantic cascades, 
almost from its mouth to its source. 

FORTS CLINTON AND MONT- 
GOMERY. 

Corn^vall, Orati^e Co., N. Y. 
47 miles fro7n Netu York. 

On the west side of the river, near- 
ly opposite to Anthony's Nose, may 
be seen the mouth of Montgomery 
Creek. On the rocky heights above 
and below the creek stood Forts 
Clinton and Montgomery, which 
were in 1777 the principal defences 
of the Hudson. They were con- 
sidered impregnable to an assault 
from the land side, and with the ord- 
nance of the day they had little to 
fear from a naval attack. A heavy 
boom, made of a huge iron chain on 
timber floats, stretched across the 
river, and was made fast to the 
rocks at Anthony's Nose. This, it 
was thought, would effectually pre- 
vent the ascent of a hostile fleet. 

On October 6th, 1777, Sir Henry 
Clinton sent a strong detachment 
around and over the Donderberg to 
attack these forts in the rear. A 



demonstration on the east side 
the river had led General Putnam 
to anticipate an attack on Fort In- 
dependence, near Peekskill, and a 
portion of the garrison at Fort Mont- 
gomery was temporarily withdraw 
to strengthen that post. The Britis 
had a sharp skirmish with an Ameri^ 
can detachment at Lake Sinni 
piiik^ which is still known amon 
the inhabitants as " -Bloody Pond." 
This attack was the first warnir 
which aroused the garrison at th< 
forts. In the course of the after 
noon the forts were attacked, an( 
the garrisons defended themselves 
gallantly until evening, when, 
having become evident that the 
could not hold out, they took to tl 
mountains, an orderly retreat beir 
impossible, and so the greater par 
escaped. An American flotilla, con 
sisting of two sloops and som( 
smaller craft, which lay above the 
boom, had to be abandoned and 
burned to prevent its falling into the 
enemy's hands. The next morning 
the boom, which had cost the Ameri 
cans so much labor and money, was, 
destroyed, and the British fleet, with 
a detachment of troops, proceeded 
up the river, A short time after- 
wards the British received the news 
of Burgoyne's surrender, and the 
forts were evacuated. 

Near Montgomery Creek another 
smaller stream falls into the Hud- 
son. This is Sinnipink Creeks hay* 



HUDS»Ori iilVER. 



3« 



iug its 1 ise in a lake of the same 
name, half a mile distant. At the 
mouth of this stream is an ice de- 
pot of the Knickerbocker Ice Com- 
pany. The ice is slid down from 
Sinnipink Lake on ways, and stored 
or summer use. 

WEST POINT (Landing). 
Cornwall, Orange Co., N. V. 
61 mt'les fro7n New York. 
Soon after passing the former 
site of Fort Montgomery, the gray 
ruins of Fort Putnam may be seen 
crowning the heights above West 
Point. A little co^^e may now be 
seen in the east bank of the river, 
where is a stone wharf, and two or 
three small buildings. This is 
"Beverly Dock," from which Ar- 
nold started in his hasty flight to 
the Vulture, which lay in Tappan 
Bay. On the hill, not far distant, is 
Robinson's house, where Arnold 
was breakfasting when he received 
the news of Andre's capture. Near- 
ly opposite, and a little above Bever- 
ly Dock, Buttermilk Falls may be 
seen, breaking in snow-white foam 
over a black sloping rock. A con- 
siderable village stands on the stream 
above the fall. Cozzens* Hotel, a 
favorite and fashionable resort dur- 
ing the summer months, is on a 
commanding height near the falls. 
This hotel is surrounded on all sides 
by the most charming walks and 
l>leasure -grounds. 

West Point is best known as the 



site of the United States Military 
Acadejny. Before the commence- 
ment of the present century, Wash* 
ington suggested this place as a 
proper one for the establishment of 
such an institution, but no formal 
steps were taken by Congress until. 
1802. Ten years later, in 18 1 2, the 
school was fairly established, and 
has ever since continued to increase 
in importance and excellence. 

But little of the academy can be 
seen from a passing boat, the build- 
irxgs being situated on an elevated 
plateau, about 180 feet above the 
river. This plateau is occupied by 
the various barracks, schools, arse- 
nals, etc., connected with the insti- 
tution. These are so arranged as to 
leave a broad parade open for mili- 
tary evolutions, parades, etc. 

The average number of cadets is 
about 250. Candidates for admis- 
sion are nominated by members of 
Congress and by the President, a 
certain number being fixed for each 
congressional district. These can- 
didates report for examination in 
June of each year, and, if they are 
mentally and physically qualified, are 
admitted as cadets, which is, in mili- 
tary rank, a gp-ade below second 
lieutenant. The course of instruc- 
tion is very thorough and complete, 
especially in mathematics ; military 
tactics and operations bearing an 
important place. The best time to 
visit West Point is during tiM 



32 



HUDSON RIVER. 



months of July and August, when 
the cadets go into camp. Drills, 
parades, and guard-mountings are 
the order of the day, all being done 
in the best manner known in mili- 
tary science. 

West Point was the scene of no 
actual fighting during the Revolu- 
tion, although it was fortified. A 
boom similar to that which was 
prepared at Fort Montgomery was 



stretched across the river from 
West Point to Constitution Island. 
The island was heavily fortified to« 
ward the latter part of the war, and 
remains of the old batteries may 
still be seen. Of the fortifications 
on the west side of the river Fort 
Putnam is the most interesting. It 
is 596 feet above the river, and the 
view from its crumbling walls is 
exceedingly fine. 




INDIAN FALLS, 

GARRISON. 

f Pkilipstown, Putnant Co., N. V. 
50 Miles from Neiv York. 
Hotel — Highland House. 
This station, named in honor of 
• distinguished family of Revolu- 
tionary fame, is on the east bank of 
the Hudson, opposite West Point. 



GARRISON, N. Y. 

It is surrounded by the most sublime 
and piciuresque scenery of the Hud- 
son, and is associated with some ol 
the eventful scenes of Revolutionary 
times. About one mile south o! 
the depot is the Robinson House, 
where Benedict Arnold received the 



COZZENS' HOTEL.— Cos^e/u' Landing, West Point, N.T, 
GooDSELL Bkothers, Proprietors. 

This elegant and favorite summer resort stands on a commanding 
eminence on the west side of the Hudson, 250 feet above the river, 
and about one mile and a half south of the Military Academy ot 
West Point. It commands one of the finest views on the Hudson, 
embracing the very heart of the Highlands, and the wildest and most 
picturesque scenery on this famous river. Its location is remarkably 
healthful ; no cases of sickness having originated at this resort m 
twenty-five years. West Point was selected as the site of the Mili- 
tary Academy partly because of the healthfulness of the locality. 
Its location is particularly convenient for New York families, as It 
is but fifty miles distant, and gentlemen are enabled to visit New 
fork daily, returning to Cozzens' at night if they desire. Among 
the many places of interest around Cozzens' are the U. S. Military 
Academy, where daily military exercises of interest occur, old Fort 
Putnam, Beverly Dock, Robinson House, Buttermilk Falls, etc. The 
drives among the historic Highlands are celebrated for their enchant- 
ing beauty, and one or two, including the five-mile drive to Crystal 
Lake, have recently been laid out. Distinguished visitors, includ- 
ing our national officials and celebrities, annually visit West Point 
Academy during the examinations, which begin on the Ht of June. 

The hotel is built of brick, and is so constructed that all its rooms 
command delightful views of the river and mountain scenery. It 
will accommodate about 400 guests, who are the most refined and re- 
spected classes of our metropolitan society. The house is kept in a 
style to suit such patronage, and Cozzens' Hotel stands unrivaled 
among our summer resorts in its quiet elegance and comfort. 

The table is not surpassed by any hotel in America in luxxiries 
or style, and excellent music daily enlivens the enjoyments of this 
elegant and unexceptional resort. It can be reached by the Hudson 
River Railway to Garrison's Station, whence a steam-ferry conveys 
passengers to Cozzens' Dock ; or by Day Line Steamers to West 
Point, with omnibus to Cozzens' Hotel, or the Mary Powell and Jas. 
W, Baldwin to Cozzens'. Carriages await at Cozzens' Dock and 
West Point the arrival of all boats and trains. Daily excursions 
may be made from New York, stopping for dinner and spending 
three or four hours at the hotel, returning to the city the same day. 
Passengers should not mistake the West Point or Government Hotel 
for Cozzens', but drive to Cozzens' Hotels kept by Goodsell Bros. 



S2a 



HUDSON RIVER. 



letter from Col, Jamieson, informing 
him of the arrest of Andre. These 
noted historic places are easily 
visited from the Highland House, 
situated about half a mile east of 
the R.R. station, on a plateau com- 
manding one of the most delightful 
prospects for which the banks of 
the Hudson are so justly celebrated. 
It is surrounded on the east and 
south with mountains abounding in 
running brooks and wild, shaded 
glens, while it overlooks West 
Point and the Highlands to the 
west. Tlie house is so situated as 
to receive the cool breezes from the 
west and north which circulate on 
the eastern side of the valley of the 
Hudson. The hotel is conducted 
by the Messrs, Garrison, descend- 
ants of the family from which the 
place derives its name, and is in 
all respects a well-conducted resort. 
In the vicinity are delightful drives 
and places of peculiar beauty, among 
which are Indian Falls, Glen Falls, 
North and South Redoubt, An- 
thony's Nose, and Sugar Loaf 
Mountains on the e«.st side of the 
river ; and West Point, Fort Put- 
nam, Old Cro' Nest, Storm King, 
Highland Falls on the west side ; 
while the beautiful Hudson, bright 
with many a sail and steamer, flows 
majestically through the mountains 
toward its ocean home. Altogether, 
it is one of the most delightful resorts 



to be found in America. Near bj 
are the summer residences of Hon. 
Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State 
of the United States, and several 
other prominent citizens of New 
York City. 

COLD SPRING. 

Philiptown, Putnam Co., N. Y. 
54 miles from. Ne7v York, 

Cold spring is noted, for its IroE 
Foundry. Here, under the super- 
intendence of Major Parrot, were 
cast the celebrated Parrot guns, 
which did such good service in the 
war of the Rebellion. On an ele- 
vated plateau near the village is Un* 
dercUff.^ the country-seat of the late 
George P. Morris. The moun- 
tain immediately above Cold Spring 
is Bull Hi 11^ or, to give its more 
classic name, Mt. Taurus. It is 
1,586 feet in height. Just above 
this elevation, and separated from 
it by a valley, is Breakneck Hill^ 
1,187 f'^et high. It is stated that 
the former of these hills was once 
the abode of a wild bull, which 
became such a source of dread to 
the inhabitants that they organized 
a hunt, and drove the animal fronf 
his accustomed haunts across the 
valley to the neighboring hill,' 
where he dashed over the rocks and 
broke his neck. The two hillswcre 
named m honor of this adventure, i 

Breakneck Hill was formerly dis-! 



^niw^'s 




de Tre 
ses an 
by ou 
rison's 
House 
GRAM8 






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and Bowling 
aats Mary Pc 
cct access to 
t Grand U 

BE SEEN. 


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the Be* 
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land at 
stage an 
Avenue 


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HUDSON RIVER. 



3S 



tingnished by a huge mass of rock, 
bearing a marked resemblance to a 
human face. This smgular forma- 
tion was for many years one of the 
sights to be looked at by every pas- 
senger Mp or down the river. In 
1846 a party of workmen was blast- 
ing near by, under the charge of a 
Captain Ayers, and an unfortunate 
blast loosened the rock, so that St. 
Anthony's Face^ as it was called, 
was forever destroyed. Mr. Blake 
accuses Ayers of intentionally caus- 
ing this mutilation of the moun- 
tain, but we are loth to believe that 
such could have been the case. The 
face was on the southwestern angle 
of the mountain, and the wreck of 
fallen rocks may still be seen from 
the passing boat. 

The promontory at the foot of 
Bull Hill is known as Little Stony 
Point. 

On the west side of the river are 
Cro' Nest and Butter Hill. The 
former is the one next above West 
Point. It is 1,418 feet high, and 
separated from Butter Hill by a 
wild and picturesque valley. The 
name Cro^ Nest probably was at 
first applied to a deep rocky depres- 
sion which exists near the summit, 
but it is now understood to mean the 
mountain itself. The name will re- 
call Joseph Rodmaft Drake's beauti- 
ful poem, « The Culprit Fay,'' the 
Bcene of which is laid among these 
kiUs. 



The precipice which forms th« 
river-face of Cro' Nest is knowi as 
* ' Kicld's Plug Cliff." It owes its 
name to a singular projecting mas? 
of rock which may be seen near its 
summit. 

The neighboring mountain hai 
of late come to be called the Storjn 
King, and as the old name is nei- 
ther beautiful nor appropriate, it will 
soon be forgotten. Its summit is 
1,529 feet high. To the lateiV. P, 
Willis is due the credit of rechristen- 
ing this grand peak, as well as giv- 
ing appropriate names to other ob- 
jects of interest in the vicinity. Mr. 
Willis' cottage, ^^Idlewild," stands 
almost on the northern slope of the 
Storm King, and commands exten- 
sive views of the neighboring coun- 
try. The cottage itself can hardly 
be seen from the river. 

CORNWALL LANDING. 

Cornwall, Orange Co., JV. V. 
56 miles front New York. 

The village of Cornwall is a short 
distance west of the river. The 
beauty of its situation renders it a 
fashionable resort during the sum- 
mer, when its many Ijeautiful resi- 
dences are the scene of a constant 
round of gayety. 

After passing Breakneck Hill, 
Beacon Hill may be seen to the 
eastward. This elevation is 1,471 
feet in height, and commands a pros- 
pect which has given it considerable 



THE TSTE^WBUHG-H IISTSTITUTB 

Seminary Place. NEWBURGH. N.Y. 



Henbt W. Siolar, A.m. (Yale); John Ma-jnie, A.M., Principala. 

The Newburgh Institute occupies the buildings and 
grounds widely known as the Seminary Plnce^ situated in the 
BuDurbs of the city and sufficiently removed from the troublesome 
influences of business centres. Two substantial stone buildings, 
one four stories and 70x40 feet, and the other two stories and 
25x40 feet, furnish abundant first-class accommodations, while 
the grounds, containing three acres, afford ample room for out- 
door sports. The position is a commanding one — overlooking the 
City of Newburgh and the Hudson for many miles. 

The Institute is a Family School fov Boys, conducted, in re- 
spect to its boarding arrangements, on the plan of a well-ordered 
home. The pupils reside with Mr. Siglar, where they are re- 
garded as actual members of his family. In fact, all the affairs 
of the household are regulated with special reference to the 
comfort, health, moral culture, and refinement of the boys con- 
nected with it. The pupils are not partitioned off by themselves^ 
but they share in the best that the house affords, join the family 
circle, and enjoy the social advantages of a Christian home. 

The Plan of the School is such that boys may begin 
their school-life at the Institute, and there receive a thorough prep- 
aration for College, or as extended an education as may be desired, 
preparatory to entering upon a business or a professional life. 

The Elementary Branches of an English education are taught 
with the greatest care and tJioi'oughness. The constan t aim is to make 
thinkers as well as scholars, to teach self-control and self-reliance. 

For INFORMATION in regard to the Institute as a Preparatory 
School, parents are referred to the Faculty of Yale College ; in 
regard to the thoroughness with which the elementary branches 
are taught — to former pupils, now in business, and to patrons. 

The Course of Study aims at a thorough mastery of a few 
subjects, in preference to a showy and superficial acquaintance 
with a number of studies for which no foundation has been laid. 
Pupils intended to follow a collegiate course, are carefully pre- 
pared for entrance to any of our colleges — our success in this de- 
partment has been very gratifying. Pupils intended for business 
life, are specially grounded in the studies most essentially im- 
portant to a business man. 

The Twelfth Annual Session will begin on Tuesday, September 14th, 
1876. With the exception of short recesses at Christmas and Easter, the session 
will continue without interruption till July 1st, 1876. The TERMS for Board, 
Washing (12 pieces per week), and Tuition in all etudies, are $400 per anr na ' 
f SIX), to be paid at the beginning of the session, aiad $200 on the 1st of Febr <f. 

Circulars sent on application to the Principals. 



HUDSON RIVER. 



35 



point, and shipped by water to 
various destinations. 

A flag-staff, standing in the south- 
cm part of the town, may be seen 
from the steamer. Near this is 
an old stone house, now o\vned and 
kept in order by the State, which 
was occupied by Washington as his 
headquarters when the army lay at 
New Windsor, two miles south. 
This house contains many interest- 
ing relics of the Revolutionary War. 
At the foot of the flag-staff before 
mentioned, the last surviving mem- 
ber of Washington's Life Guard 
was buried in 1856, and a monu- 
ment, with an appropriate inscrip- 
tion, stands over his gi-ave. 

A short distance south of New- 
burg is the site of the American 
camp where, during the winter of 
1783, the troops suffered so severely 
from the attacks of smallpox. 

The Newb^crgh Institute is an 
excellent and well-established board- 
ing school for boys. The building 
is a large stone structure, overlook- 
ing the city, and commanding a 
view of some of the finest scenery 
of the Hudson. 

LOW POINT. 

Fishkill, Dutchess Co., N. V. 
64 miles from New York. 

This is a small village on the east 
iank of the Hudson. Opposite, on 
the west bank, is a flat rock, now 
srowned witli cedars, which Hen. 



drick Hudson and his comradcf 
named the Duyvels Dans JCamtr, 
in consequence of an Indian pow* 
wow which they witnessed at night; 
with all its hideous accessories of 
fire and war-paint. The rock u 
still known to the river pilots by 
this name. 

NEW HAMBURG, 

Pougkkeepsie, Dutchess Co., N'. ¥., 
66 miles from New York, 
Stands at the mouth of Wappin- 
ger''s Creek, which falls into the 
Hudson on the east side. This 
stream is crossed at its mouth by a 
long trestle bridge, with a draw in 
the middle. A ferry plies between 
New Hamburg and Hampton op- 
posite. 

MARLBOROUGH. 

Marlborough, Ulster Co., N. Y., 
66 miles fro7tt New York, 
Is pleasantly situated on the west 
bank of the Hudson, overlooking 
the river and the country beyond. 
Back of the village are the Shawan- 
gunk Mountains, and intervening is 
a hilly country of great beau .y. In 
this vicinity the Arbor Vita is found 
in great perfection. This tree is 
also known as the white cedar. 'Its 
scientific name is Thurja Occideuta- 
lis. A peculiarly beautiful grove 
of these trees will be noticed on the 
west bank, a little above Marlbo- 
rough, where an entire hillside k 
covei ed with the delicate pencil-lilw 



36 



HUDSON RIVER. 



forms of this symmetrical and grace- 
ful tree. 

MILTON FERRY or BARNEGAT. 

Poughkeejtsie, Dutchess Co., N. V. 
71 7^les from New York. 

The village, or part of it, may be 
seen crowning the steep bank which 
rises from the western shore of the 
river. Large quantities of raspber- 
ries are raised in this vicinity for the 
New York market, the soil and 
climate being peculiarly adapted to 
the cultivation of that fruit. 

Just before reaching Poughkeep- 
sie, which city may be seen on the 
bluff beyond, we pass Lonist Grove, 
the country-seat of P7'of. S. F. B. 
Morse. It can hardly be necessary 
to remind any civilized being that 
Prof. Morse is the inventor of the 
electric telegraph, now so indispen- 
sable to every nation of Christen- 
dom. The professor has made other 
useful inventions, and had in his 
earlier life a reputation as an artist. 
His fame, however, rests on the dis- 
covery of the electric telegraph, and 
for this he has received many testi- 
monials from European sovereigns, 
and from scientific associations all 
ver the world. 

POUGHKEEPSIE. 

Pcughkeepsie, Dutchess Co., N. V. 
75 miles from New York. 

Tlie city of Poughkeepsie is built 
on a table-land, at a considerable 
Weight, so that its spires and build- 



ings may be seen from a long di* 
tance up and down the river. Thi 
name is a corruption of the Indiau 
name given to the cove which once 
existed at the mouth of Fall Kill. 
Two peculiar elevations will be 
noticed at the river-side, the south- 
ern of which bears the name of Cal: 
Rock, from the fact that the inhab- 
itants used to hail passing vessels 
from its summit. The place was 
settled by the Dutch about 1698, 
and incorporated as a city in 1 854. 
The principal object of interest to 
the antiquary is the Van Kleck 
house, a stone structure with loop- 
holes in its walls. It was built iu 
1705. The State Legislature met 
in it in 1777 and 1778, when the 
British held New York, and had 
burned their former meeting-place 
at Esopus. There also the State 
Convention for the ratification of 
the Federal Constitution met, in 
1788. 57 members were present, 
and after a long debate, in which 
such men as Governor Clinton, John 
Jay, and Alexander Hamilton took 
part, the Constitution was ratified 
by a majority of three. 

Poughkeepsie is the shire town 
of Dutchess County, and contains, 
the usual court and jail buildings. 
The streets of the city are beauti- 
fully shaded, its situation is very 
healthful, and everything combinei 
to make it most attractive as a resi« 
dence. The ^a, ^cv- Female Col' 



THE BALDWIN HOUSE, 




T^K^^iiXJR&ii, o:r-Ajng^^ CO., :?^. y. 

This new and elegant hotel has just been completed and hand- 
somely furnished throughout, and is now open for the reception of 
euests It is situated on an eminence overlooking the city, ^UU teet 
above tide-water, and commands a view of the Jludsoii Biver and 
adiacent country, which for beauty, variety and extent cannot be 
surpassed. The Baldwin House is provided with all the modern 
improvements and conveniences for guests, and is kept open all 
the year round. The surrounding country abounds m the most 
delightful walks and drives, and the river below affords ample op- 
portunity for boating, sailing and fishing. It may be reached from 
New York via the Erie R.R. from Chambers or West 2od bL ■ vm 
Hudson River R R. from Grand Central Depot, 42d St and 4th Ay., 
or via the '' Day Line " Steamers from Pier 39, foot of Vc stry bt , 
for Newburgh, at 8 A.M. The Mary Powell leaves same pier at 
8 30 P M , and the Steamers J. W. Baldwin and Thomas Cornell 
leave pier foot of Harrison St. at 4 P. M. Time from New York 
to Newburgh 2 hours. Passengers leaving New York vm Day Line 
Steamers in th" morning may have two hours for dmner m New- 
burgh and reach New York via the same Ime at » P.M. 

For further particulars address the proprietor, Mrs. J. i. «^0CKB, 
Baldwin House, Newburgh, N. Y. 



HUDSON RIVER. 



37 



lege is the largest and most impor- 
tant of the many excellent educa- 
tional institutions of Poughkeepsie. 
The late Matthew Vassar^ a wealthy- 
citizen of Poughkeepsie, founded 
ind endowed this extensive college. 
It is intended for the education of 
women only, and is the most com- 
plete establishment of its kind in 
the world. 

NEW PALTZ. 

Lloyd, Ulster Co., N. Y. 
75 tniles from Neiv York. 
This village is the shipping point 
for the farm produce of the rich 
agricultural region to the westward. 
Ice is cut from the Hudson in con- 
siderable quantities, and stored for 
use in the large buildings on the 
river-banic 

HYDE PARK. 

Hyde Park, Dutchess Co., N. Y. 
80 mt'lfs from New York. 

Named in honor of Sir Edward 
Hyde, one of the early British Gov- 
ernors of New York. The village 
is half a mile east of the river-bank, 
on a beautiful and fertile table-land. 
The bend in the river between rocky 
*>luffs is known to river men as 
Crom Elbow., a combination of 
the original Dutch name and its 
English equivalent. A creek of the 
Kune name falls into the river. The 
point on the east shore is De Vroos 
Point. A light iron foot-bridge 
will be noticed crossing a deep cut- 



ting of the Hudson River Railroad. 

The house beyond is that of JosepA 
BoormaHy first President of thi 
Hudson River Raflroad. 

Between Hyde Park and Oak 
Hill, 30 miles above, there is a large 
number of extensive and ancient 
country-seats, many of them ante- 
dating the Revolution. The beauty 
of the country seems to have at- 
tracted* men of taste and wealth in 
those days to make their homes 
along this fertile bluff, and in many 
cases their descendants still occupy 
the old mansions of their fathers, — a 
state of things so rare in America 
as to deserve especial notice. 

About a mile above Hyde Park 
landing is '■'■ Placentia^^'' the former 
home of the late James K. Pav-l" 
ding, one of the pioneers of Ameri- 
can literature, and the friend of 
Washington Irving. Opposite, on 
the west bank, but scarcely in sight 
from the river, is the famous apple 
farm of R. L. Pell, Esq, On this 
farm there are said to be 25,000 
bearing apple-trees. The fruit of 
these trees is packed with the great- 
est care, and much of it is shipped 
to Europe. 

STAATSBUBG. 

Hyde Park, Dutchess County, N". Y. 

85 miles from N^iu York. 

The banks of the river from this 

place northward lose the precipitous 

character which has marked them 



38 



HUDSON RIVER. 



thus far, and slope from the river 
in a ie95 abrupt manner. Two 
miles above Hyde Park, Esopus 
Island will be noticed near the east 
bonk. Just below it are some low 
rocks, on which the steamer Berk- 
shire was burned in 1864. She 
caught fire off the island, and was 
purposely run on these rocks to en- 
able the passengers to escape. Just 
below Esopus Island, on the west 
side of the river, is the residence of 
John Astor, Esq. Opposite are 
two fine estates, the lower owned 
by Dr. Hussack, and the upper by 
Mrs. M. Livingston. 

The village of Staatsburg is on 
the east bank. 

EONDOUT. 

Kingston, Ulster County, N. Y. 
90 vtiles from Neiv York, 
Hotel — Rkittecliff House. 
Rondout Creek enters the Hud- 
son from the westward. Its mouth 
is the eastern end of the Delaware 
and Hudson Canal, which joins the 
creek 2.\ miles above. This canal, 
finished in 1828, extends to the 
vicinity of the Pennsylvania coal- 
fields ; and every provision is made 
^. Rondout for the trans-shipment 
•f vast quantities of coal. 

PORT EWEN 
Is a comparatively new village, be- 
low the mouth of the creek- Near- 
ly all the inhabitants of these vil- 



lages are engaged in one way cm 
another in the coal business, and 
in the extensive Rosendale cement 
quarries, whose products are highly 
valued, and largely used all ovet 
the country. 

KINGSTON, 
Formerly EsopitSy is on Esoptt* 
Creeky which at that point ap- 
proaches within about '2 miles of 
Rondout, and then curves to the 
northward, entering the Hudson 
12 miles above. Kingston was 
settled in 16 14, and was thrice 
destroyed by Indians before a per- 
manent footing was obtained by the 
Europeans. In 1777 the State 
Legislature met and formed a con- 
stitution. In the autumn of the 
same year, soon after the capture 
of Forts Montgomery and Clinton 
by the British, General Vaughan, 
with 3,000 troops, landed at Ron- 
dout, marched to Kingston (then 
Esopus), and sacked and burned 
the town, remaining until they re- 
ceived the news of Burgoyne's sur- 
render, when they at once retired 
to New York, abandoning all that 
they had gained. While Esopuf 
(Kingston) was burning, the in- 
habitants fled to Hurley, a neigh- 
boring village, where the small 
force of American troops tried and 
hung a messenger who was caught 
carrying dispatches from Clinton 
to Burgoyne. When first caught 



HUDSON RIVER. 



39 



ybis man swallowed a silver ball, 
which an emetic brought again to 
light, and which was found to con- 
tain the fatal dispatch. 

KHINEBECK. 

Rhinebeck, Dutchess County, N. Y. 

90 unites frotn New York. 
Not far above Staatsburg, on the 
east side of the river, is the country- 
seat known as Wildercliff. It is 
by no means so elegant as many of 
the neighboring estates ; but to 
members of the Methodist Church 
in America it is interesting as hav- 
ing been built by F?'eeborn Garrett- 
son^ the eminent preacher, who 
married a sister of Chancellor Liv- 
ingston, and to whose energy is due 
much of the prosperity of that 
branch of the Christian Church. 
The place may be recognized by 
the broad lawn which lies in front 
of the house. Next above this 
place is Ellerslie^ the residence of 
the Hon. William Kelly, long 
prominent in political life. His es- 
tate contains about 600 acres, much 
of which is devoted to gardens 
and ornamental grounds, and the 
rest is highly cultivated as a farm. 
The quaint stone house on a hill near 
Rhinebeck Landing is the Beekman 
House, built prior to 1700. It 
served as a church and as a fort 
during early times, when the In- 
dians were hostile and powerful. 
The village of Rhinebeck is 2 



miles from the river, ami cannot 
be seen from the steamer. Within 
the limits of the town there is an 
extensive vein of gold - bearing 
quartz, which yields the precious 
metal in paying quantities. The 
principal lode is on the property of 
R. W. Millbank, but it probably 
extends to and beyond the river. 
This quartz is found between well- 
defined walls of the ordinary talco- 
argillaceous slate characteristic of 
the region. 

BARRYTOWN. 

Red Hook, Dutchess County. /V Y. 
96 miles from Ne7u York. 

Formerly knoAvn as Lower Red 
Hook Landing. A little above 
Rhinebeck is the residence of Wil- 
liam B. Astor. It may be recog- 
nized by its tower and pointed roof. 
This estate is named Rokeby, and is 
one of the finest on the river. Next 
above is the estate known as Mont- 
gomery Place, surpassing in beauty, 
if possible, the last one mentioned. 
The house was built by the wife of 
General Montgomery, who fell in 
the assault on Quebec in 1775. Her 
brother, Edward Livingston, suc- 
ceeded her in the ownership of the 
place, and his family still occupies 
it. 

Near the eastern shore, 2 milei 
above Barrytown, is Cruger's Isl- 
and, a spot made beautiful by nature 
and art. 



40 



HUDSON RIVER. 



In a grove near the southern end 
stands a ruin which was imported 
from Italy by the former proprietor 
of the island. Its broken arches 
may be seen among the trees as the 
boat passes, forming a singular con- 
trast with the modern architecture 
of the neighboring house. The 
latter, however, is not in sight from 
the boat at the same time with the 
ruin. A glimpse of it may be caught 
in passing, a short distance above. 

TIVOLI. 

Red Hook, Dutchess Co., N. V. 
100 miles front N'e^u York. 

This is a small village around 
the railway station. Neai the vil- 
lage is an old mansion now owmed 
by Col. De Peyster, which was 
built before the Revolution by one 
of the Livingston family. The 
British, on their way to burn Clare- 
mont, a little above, in 1777, stop- 
ped here, under the impression that 
this was the house to be destroyed. 
The proprietor, however, aided by 
his well-stocked wine-cellar, con- 
vinced them of their mistake, and 
they left him unmolested. 

SAUGERTIES. 

Saugerties, Ulster Co., N. Y. 
100 miles fro7n Neiv York. 

Saugerties is near the mouth of 
Esopiis Creeky which is navigable to 
the village. There are extensive iron 
works and paper-mills at this place. 



and large quantities of flagg^ng-stonf 
are quarried in the vicinity. A short 
distance above Saugerties is Maiden. 
"Plattekill Clove," which lies 
back of this place, in the moun- 
tains, is a remarkably wild and 
rugged chasm, affording scenery of 
varied grandeur and beauty. A 
road winds through this gorge up 
to the mountain region beyond. 
Passing the landings of East and 
West Camps we soon reach 

GEKMANTOWN. 

Germanto7vn, Columbia Co., N. Y, 
105 miles from Neiv York. 

The view of the Catskill Moun- 
tains is here very fine. The entire 
range can be seen, and the CatskiU 
Mountain House may be distin 
guished in relief against the sky. 

Germantown is not directly upon 
the river-bank, and cannot be seen 
from the boat. The large white 
building on a hill near the landing 
is the Riverside Seminary., estab- 
lished by Philip Rockafellow. 

A few miles above Germantown 
is the mouth oi Roeleff Jansen Kill, 
where the original Livingston Man* 
or House stood. Robert R. Lith^ 
/«^j-/<7/?, Chancellor of New York, 
built an elegant house, a little 
south of the old one, where his 
mother continued to reside. Chan- 
cellor Livingston's active sympathy 
with the cause of the Republic dur* 



HUDSON RIVER. 



41 



Ing the Revolution made him so 
obnoxious to the British, that when 
Gen. Vaughan burned Esopus he 
sent an expedition up the river to 
burn Claremont — the name of the 
Livingston estate. They burned 
both the houses, but new and more 
elegant ones were at once erected 
near the ruins, and Claremont is 
still one of the finest country-seats 
on the river. Chancellor Living- 
ston's name will always be associated 
with that of Robert Fulton. 

The experiments of the latter in 
applying the steam-engine as a mo- 
tive power for boats would prob- 
ably have been delayed for years 
had it not been for the generous aid 
of Chancellor Livingston. After a 
series of discouraging failures in 
Paris and New York, their efforts 
were crowned with success, and in 
September, 1807, the ^^Claretnont" 
made her first trip from New York 
to Albany, bearing Fulton and the 
Chancellor, as well as a party of in- 
vited giiests. 

CATSKILL. 

Catskill, Greene Co., N. Y. 

Ill "tiles from New York. 

%OnB\A— Prospect Park House; Irving 

House, 

' CatsV.ill Landing is at the end of 

a iong causeway, reaching across the 

shallows, on the western shore. But 

little of the town can be seen from 



the river. Cats Kill enteis the 
Hudson nexr by, winding through 
rocky bluffs, with a deep channel, 
which is navigable for large vessels 
a mile from its mouth. Travelers 
intending to visit The Catskill 
Mountains can reach their destina« 
tion most easily from this point, as 
lines of stages run regularly to the 
Mountain House, 8 miles distant. 
For a particular description of the 
mountains see page 

Hendrick Hudson anchored the 
Half-Moon at the mouth of Cats 
Kill, on the 20th of September, 
1609, and was visited by large num- 
bers of friendly Indians, who brought 
provisions of all sorts, in return foi 
which, as is stated by Juet, the his- 
torian of Hudson's voyage, some 
of them were made drunk. 

Thomas Cole, one of the pioneers 
of American Landscape Art, had hia 
studio in this vicinity, where he 
could study nature in her most 
beautiful forms. It was here that 
he painted the celebrated allegorical 
series of pictures known as " The 
Voyage of Life." 

The country between the river 
near Catskill and the mountains it 
very interesting to the geologist, 
comprising as it does the exposed 
strata of all the principal rocks ol 
the so-called New \ork system. 



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PEOSPECT PARK HOTEL, 

CATSKILL, N. Y. 



A NEW SUMMER HOTEL. 

A weU situated, well arranged, and well conducted Place of Resort, of 
easy access, on the banks of the Hudson River. 

WITH ALL THE LATEST IMPROVEMENTS. 



The Htriise has been greatly enlarged this season. The main building ia two hun- 
dred and fifty feet front by forty feet; with wing one hundred and forty by forty 
feet. Dining-room full length of wing. With two-story Piazza, three hundred and 
seventy by sixteen feet. 

The grounds, walks, avenues, and shrubbery are adapted to the chief design, 
which is, to produce such an establishment, on a liberal and appropriate scale, aa 
can offer to those, who with their families annually seek the country during the 
Summer months, health and grateful change from the heat and confinement of the 

city. 

THE VIEWS FROM THE HOTEL ARE UNSURPASSED IN 
EXTENT AND BEAUTY. 

The annually increasing tide of visitors to this region — drawn hither by the pnr- 
milt of health and pleasure — has already vindicated its right to the title of "the 
Switzerland of America." 

The locality is a judicious selection from the Prospect Hill property, in the Villagu 
of Catskill ; and the site, with its surroundings, occupies twenty acres. The plateau 
Is admirably adapted to the purpose. With a commanding view of the River in 
front and for miles North and South, and the grand old Mountains in the back- 
ground, with a climate of great salubrity, healthy mountain air, and accessories of 
field and river sports and pleasant drives, it is unsurpassed, in all the borderu of tbs 
lludson, for its attractions and advantages. 

pgT" Carriages will be in attendance at the Cars and Boats. 

Accessible by nearly all Trains of the Hudson River Rail Road, and by the D»j 
B>->6t8 '■^ Chuunceij Vibhard'''' '•'■ Daniel Brew.'''' Also by Night Steamers "JV«it 
Chcmjsion''^ and '■'■Attdtew Marder," every evening, from focc of Franklin Street, 
Hew York. 

^P~ First-class Livery connected with the Hotel. 

WILL OPEN JUNE I4th. 



AM^ JOHN BREASTED, Catskill. 



HUDSON RIVER. 4^1 

The Catskill Mountains. 



Hotels. — Mountain House, Laurel House, Haine^ House. 

The mountain scenery bordering upon the Hudson is 
justly celebrated for its diversity and beauty ; nor is this 
region less interesting to the man of science than to the 
Jurist in search of the picturesque and beautiful. 

The mountains of this region all belong to the great 
Appalachian ranpe, which traverses the eastern portion 
of the United Slates, from the States bordering on the 
Gulf of Mexico to the basin of the St. Lawrence Rivei. 
The chain is made up of a succession of ridges whose 
prevailing course is parallel with each other and with th.e 
general coast line of the continent. 

The general character of the Appalachian range in 
New York is a gradual change from mountains to hills, 
which finally sink away in tlie lowlands of the great St 
Lawrence basin. Three distinct ranges or collections of 
parallel ridges pass through New York State, from South 
west to North-east. 

The first or most easterly of these is the continuation 
of the great Blue Ridge of Virginia, Maryland, and Penn- 
sylvania, the main portions of which, passing through the 
North-western corner of New Jersey, forms the Shawan- 
gunk Mountain, which, extending between Sullivan and 
Orange counties, strikes the Hudson in the southern part 
of Ulster county. South-east of this long ridge a succes- 
sion of smaller ridges run parallel with it, some of which 
cross Orange and Rockland into Putnam and Dutchess 
counties, east of the river. 1'he gap through which the 
Hudson flows is across these smaller ridges, whose highest 
summits rise to heights varying from one thousand to 
seventeen hundred feet above tide-water. The Taconi^ 



43 HUDSON RIVER. 

and Green Mountains of Western Massachusetts and Vtt^ 
mont are probably prolongations of the Blue Ridge. 

The second series of these ridges enters the State from 
Pennsylvania, and extending through SuHivan, Ulster 
and Greene counties, terminate in the beautiful Catskills, 
a short distance west of the Hudson. 

The third series, passing through Broome, Delaware, 
Otsego, Schoharie, Montgomery and Herkimer counties, 
reappears beyond the Mohawk, and there constitutes the 
Adirondac Mountains, among whose summits the Hudson 
finds its sources. 

The following sketch of the scenery of the Catskill re- 
gion is taken by permission from a work entitled 
The Catskill Mountains, and the Region Around ; 

their Scenery, Legends, and History. By Rev. Charles 

Rockwell, Dutch Dominie of the Catskills, etc., etc. 

New York : Tainior Brothers £r» Co., Publishers, 229 

Broadway. 1867. 

" From the banks of the Hudson, a few miles into the 
country, may be seen, from different points of view, some 
of the most charming scenery in the world. Every turn 
in the road, every bend in the stream, presents new and 
attractive pictures, remarkable for beauty and diversity in 
outhne, color, and aerial perspective. The solemn Katz- 
bergs, sublime in form, and mysterious in their dim, in- 
comprehensible, and ever-changing aspect, almost always 
form a prominent feature in the landscape. 

*' The Indians called these mountains "OntiOra,"or 
*' Mountains of the Sky ; " for, in some conditions of the 
atmosphere, they are said to appear like a heavy cumulose 
I'loud above the horizon. In the midst of this scenery, 
Cole, the eminent painter, delighted to linger when the 
thadows of the early morning were projected towards the 
mountains, then bathed in purple mists ; or at evea'.ng, 



HUDSON RIVER. 44 

rhcn these lofty heights, then uark and awful, cast meii 
deep shadows over more than half of the country below 
between their bases and the river. Charmed with Catskill 
and its vicinity, Cole made it at first a summer retreat, and 
finally his permanent residence ; and there, in a fine old 
family mansion, delightfully situated to command a full 
view of the mountains and the intervening country, his 
spirit passed from earth ; while a sacred poem, created by 
his wealthy imagination and deep religious sentiment, was 
finding expression upon his. easel in a series of fine pic- 
tures like those of " The Course of Empire " and the 
"Voyage of Life." He entitled the series ''The Cross 
and the World." Two of them were unfinished. One 
had found form in a " study " only, while the other was 
half finished upon the large canvas, with some figures 
sketched in white chalk. So they remain, just as the 
master left them ; and so remains his studio. It is regard- 
ed by his devoted widow as a place too sacred for the com- 
mon gaze. The stranger never enters it. 

The mountains rise abruptly from the plain on their 
eastern side, where the road that leads to the Mountain 
House enters them, and follows the margin of a deep, 
dark glen, through which flows a clear mountain stream, 
seldom seen by the traveller, but heard continually foi 
nearly a mile, as in swift rapids or in little cascades it hur- 
ries to the plain below. The road is winding, and in its 
ascent along the side of the glen, or, more properly, mag- 
nificent gorge, it is so inclosed by the towering heights on 
one side, and the lofty trees that shoot up on the other, 
ihat little can be seen beyond a few rods except the sky 
above or glimpses of some distant summit, until the pleas- 
ant nook in the mountain is reached wherein the Rip Van 
Winkle cabin is nestled. After that the course of the road 
is more nearly parallel with the river and the plain, and 



45 HUDSON RIVER. 

through frequeiit vistas glimpses may be caught of th* 
country below that charm the eye, excite the fancy and 
imagination, and make the heart throb quicker and stronger 
with pleasurable emotions. Rip's cabin is a small, white 
building, with two rooms, where travellers formerly ob- 
tained refreshments ; and is at the head of the gorge along 
whose margin the traveller has ascended. It is so called 
because it stands within the amphitheatre, inclosed by 
lofty heights, reputed to be the place where -the ghostly 
ninepin playf?rs held their revel ; and where Rip Van 
Winkle lay down to his long repose. From a rude spout 
by the cabin there pour cooling draughts from a mountain 
spring, more dehcious than ever came from the juice of 
the grape. 

There are many dehghtful resting-places upon the road, 
soon after leaving Rip's cabin, as we toil wearily up the 
mountain, where the eye takes in a magnificent panorama 
of hill and valley, forest and river, hamlet and village, and 
thousands of broad acres, where herds graze and the farmer 
gathers his crops ; much of it dimly defined because of 
distance, a beautifully colored map rather than a pi6lure. 
These delight the eye and quicken the pulse ; but there is 
one place upon the road where the ascending weary ones 
enjoy more exquisite pleasure, for a moment, than at any 
other point in all that mountain region. It is at a turn in 
the road where the Mountain House stands ; suddenly, 
before and above the traveller, revealed in perfe6l distindl- 
ness, column, capital, window, rock, people, — all appar- 
ently only a few rods distant. There too the road is level, 
and the traveller rejoices in the assurance that the toilsome 
journey is at an end, when suddenly, like the young pil- 
grim in Cole's "Voyage of Life," he finds himself disap- 
pointed in his course. The road that seemed to be lead- 
ing diredlly to that beautiful mansion upon the crag jusl 




THE FAWN'S LEAP. 



THE LAUREL HOUSE, 

AT THE CAUTERSBLIIili FAIil^S, 

flafsliill j|ountai«s, U mile jlest oj J|ouniam lon^ 




J. IL.. SCHTJTT, Proprietor. 

The great beauty of this locality is so well known, that a description la 
unnecessary. To the lovers of quiet, its secluded walks aiferd delightftil 
twtreats; while the drives in the vicinity — especially through the Cloves— 
challenge comparison with any similar place in the United States. There ifl 
also good Trout Fishing in the neighborhood. 

A wine 50x50 feet has been added to the House recently, greatly ex- 
tending the accommodations at this popular resort. 

Carriages and an anthoi-ized Agent will be in attendance at the Cars an* 
BioaU, Catskill. 



HUDSON RIVER. 46 

above him turns away, like the stream that appeared to b6 

taking the ambitious young man dire6lly to the shadowy 
temple of fame in the clouds ; and many a weary step 
must be taken over a steep, crooked road before the trav- 
eller can reach the obje6t of his journey. 

The grand rock platform on which the Mountain Hous« 
stands is reached at last, and then comes the full recom- 
pense for all weariness. Bathed, immersed, in pure 
mountain air, almost three thousand feet above tide- 
water, full, positive, enduring rest is given to every mus- 
cle, after half an hour's respiration of that invigorating 
atmosphere, and soul and limb are ready for a longer, 
loftier, and more rugged ascent. There is something in- 
describable in the pleasure experienced during the first 
hour passed upon the piazza of the Mountain House, 
gazing upon the scene towards the east. That view has 
been described a thousand times. I shall not attempt it. 
Much rhetoric and rhyme, with sentimental platitudes, 
have been employed in describing it. 

The aerial piftures seen from the Mountain House are 
sometimes marvellous, especially during a shower in the 
plain, when all is sunshine above, while the lightning 
plays and the thunder rolls far below those upon the 
summits ; or after a storm, when mists are driving over 
the mountains, struggling with the wind and sun, or dis- 
solving in the pure air. At rare intervals an apparition, 
like the spectre of the Brocken, may be seen. A late 
writer, who was there during a summer storm, was fa- 
vored with the sight. The guests were in the parioi 
when it was announced that " the house was going past, 
on the outside." All rushed to the piazza; and there, 
sure enough, upon a moving cloud more dense than xne 
fog that enveloped the mountains, was a perfe6l pi(5lttfe 
of the great building, in colossal proportions. The mJMjs 



47 HUDSON RIVER. 

of vapor was passing slowly from north to south, diredllj 
in front, at a distance apparently of two hundred feet from 
the house, and refledled the noble Corinthian columns 
which ornament the front of the building, every window, 
and all the speftators. The cloud moved on, and ere 
ong we saw one pillar disappear, and then another. We, 
ourselves, who were expanded into giants in size, saw the 
gulf into which we were to enter and be lost. I almost 
shuddered when my turn came ; but there was no escap- 
ing my fate ; one side of my face was veiled, and in a 
moment the whole had passed Hke a dream. An instant 
before, and we were the inhabitants of a gorgeous palace ; 
but it was the "baseless fabric of a vision," and now 
there was left "not a wreck behind." 

Although the Mountain House is far below the higher 
summits of the range, yet portions of four States of the 
Union and an area of about ten thousand square miles 
are comprised in the scope of vision from its piazza. 
From the top of the South Mountain, near and three 
hundred feet above the Mountain House, and of the 
North Mountain more distant and higher, a greater range 
of sight may be obtained, including part of a fifth State. 
The lakes, lying in a basin a short distance from the 
Mountain House, with all their grand surroundings, the 
house itself, the South Mountain, and the Roundtop or 
Liberty Cap, form the middle ground ; while in the dim 
distance the winding Hudson, with Esopus, Shawangunk, 
and the Highland ranges are revealed, the borders of 
rivers dotted with villas and towns, appearing mere white 
specks on the landscape. 

Two miles and a half from the Mountain House is an 
immense gorge scooped from the rugged hills, into which 
pours the gentle outlet of the Cauterskill Lakes, in a 
Call, first of one hundred and seventy-five feet, and close 



HUDSON RIVER. 

to it another of eighty feet. If the visitor would enjoy 
one of the wildest and most romantic rambles in the 
jvorld, let him follow that little stream in its way off the 
mountains, down the deep, dark, mysterious gorge, until 
It jo ns the Cauterskill proper, that rushes through the 
Clove from the neighborhood of Hunter, among the hills 
ibove, and thence onward to the plain. The tourist, if 
he fails to traverse the rugged gorge, should not omit a 
ride from the Mountain House, down through the Clove, 
to Palensville and the plain, a distance of eight miles. 
After leaving the falls and reaching the Clove, down, 
down, sometimes with only a narrow space between the 
base of a high mountain on one side and steep precipices 
on the other, whose feet are washed by the rushing Caut- 
erskill, our crooked road pursued its way, now passing a 
log house, now a pleasant cottage, and at length the ruins 
of a leather-manufa6luring village, deserted because the 
bark upon the hills around, used for tanning, is exhausted. 
Near this pi6luresque scene the Cauterskill leaps into a 
seething gulf between the cleft rocks and flows gently on, 
to make still greater plunges into darker depths a short 
distance below. This cleft is called the " Fawn's Leap," 
a young deer having there escaped a hunter and his dog, 
that pursued to the verge of the chasm. The fawn leaped 
't ; but the dog, attempting to follow, feh into the gulf 
below and was drowned. The foiled hunter went home 
without dog or game. By some, less poetical than others, 
the place is called the " Dog Hole." A few rods below 
the Fawn's Leap the road crosses a rustic bridge, at the 
foot of a sheer precipice, and for half a mile traverses a 
shelf cut from the mountain side, two hundred feet above 
the stream that has found its way into depths so dark as 
to be hardly visible. Upon tlie opposite side of the creek, 
a perpendicular wall rises many hundred feet; and then, in 



49 



HUDSON RIVER. 



Bl!g!:it inclination, the mountain towers up at least a thoC' 
sand feet higher, and forms a portion of the range known 
as the South Mountain. At the mouth of this cavernous 
gorge lies the pretty little village of Palensville, where we 
again cross the stream, and in a few moments find our- 
selves upon a beautiful and highly cultivated plajn. From 
this point, along the base of the mountains to the road 
by which we enter them, or more directly to Catskill, the. 
drive is a delightful one. 




Del^v^ist Hotjse, 

AZBANT, N. T. 

CHARLES E. LELAND & CO., Proprietors. 




fHIS HOTEL WAS BUILT IN 1871, AND IS SITUATED ON THH 

MAIN STREET, 

And in the centre of the village. 

IT IS FITTED UP WITH NEW FURNITURB 

And aU the 

Modern Conveniences of First-class Hotels, 

A.Qd the Proprietor assures the Public that no efforts on his part wiil ba 
ipved to make his guests comfortable. 



OOAOHES TO THE MOUNTAIN HOUSE 

And all other 
STAGE LINES RUNNING FROM CATSKILI* 

Stop for passengers at this House. 

An OMNIBUS runs to and from the Hotel on arrival of Tra«M and 
BteunlMotM 

H. A. PERSON. 

Propnetor, 



50 



HUDSON RIVER. 



HUDSON. 
Hudson, Columbia County, N. V. 

115 tniles frotn Ne^v York. 
Hotels — Worth House, Mansion House. 

The I'ity of Hudson is the capi- 
tal of Columbia County, and occu- 
pies a site of great beauty, being 
built npon a promontory jutting 
into the Hudson River, and com- 
manding the most extensive and 
charming views in every direction. 
The city extends up the slope of 
Prospect Hill, which rises to a 
height of 200 feet. The elevation 
just below Hudson Landing is 
Mount Merino. It is cultivated 
over almost its whole surface of 
600 acres. Hudson, being at the 
head of ship navigation, was of 
great importance in the early com- 
merce of the river, and it rapidly 
grew to be a place of considerable 
size and wealth. The Claverack 
Creek, a romantic stream, is a lit- 
tle east of Hudson, and running 
northward, joins other streams, 
forming Coluvibiaville Creek. 

The Htcdson and Boston Rail- 
way has its western terminus here, 
and connects at Chatham with the 
Boston and Albany and Harlem 
Railways. 

ATHENS. 
Athens, Greene County, N. Y. 

116 miles from Ne7v York. 
This village, directly opposite 

IJudsoQj was originally fixed upim 



as the eastern terminus of the RrU 
Canal, but the project was aban- 
doned. The inhabitants are largely 
engaged in ship-building and brick- 
making. A branch of the Nezo 
York Central Railway connects 
Athens with Schenectady, and has 
added much to its prosperity. 
Above Athens and Hudson, on the 
east side of the river, is Rogerf 
Island, behind which the shipping 
of New York merchants was con- 
cealed during the Revolutionary 
War. At that time the island was 
densely wooded, and formed an ef- 
fectual screen. 

The ill-fated steamer Swall<r» 
was lost just off Athens. 

COLTJMBIAVILLE. 

Stockport, Columbia County, N. Y. 
119 miles from New York. 

On the west side of the river is 
a promontory, with a light-house 
tower, which old river pilots call 
*• Chajtey Tinker" but which is 
now known as Four-mile Point. 

Directly opposite to this is the 
mouth of Columbiaville Creek, on 
which, a short distance from the 
river, are large flannel mills. 

COXSACKIE. 

Coxsackie, Greene County, N. Y. 
123 miles froin New York. 

This village is on the west side 
of the river. Its name is derived 
from an Indian word signifying 
"cut banks." The chief occupa* 



HUDSON RIVER. 



tions of the inhabitants are ship- 
building, farming, and fishing. The 
headland nearly opposite is New- 
toivn Hook. A rnile below Cox- 
sackie are the extensive vineyards 
of Mr. Ezra Fitch. 

STUYVESANT. 

StuyTjesant, Columbia County, N". Y. 
125 vtiles frotn Neiu York, 
Formerly Kinderhook Landing. 
The village of Kinderhook is 4 
miles inland. Ex-President Martin 
Van Buren lived there for many 
years before his death. 

NEW BALTIMORE. 

New Baltimore, Albany County, N. Y. 
127 miles frotn New York. 
The chief business of this place 
is ship-building. There are several 
yards with complete sets of ways, 
etc. Schooners, sloops, and barges 
are the craft which are built. 

SCHODAG. 

Schodac, Rensselaer County, N". Y. 
132 miles from New York. 

A small village on the east bank 
of the river. Good farming lands 
lie along the river, and the sur- 
rounding region is a pleasant rolling 
country. The name is of Indian 
rigin, signifying "a meadow." 

COEYMAN'S. 

Coeyman's, A Ibany County, N. Y. 

132 miles from New York. 
ITus village is on the west bank 



of the river. Its name (pronounced 
Qtie-mans) is that of one of its early 
settlers. The range of mountains 
seen to the westward are the Hcl' 
derbergs. 

A little below Coeyman's, near 
the west shore, is a high rocky island 
on which the boundaries of four 
counties meet, namely, Albany, 
Greene, Columbia, and Rensselaer. 
This island was named by the Dutch 
Beeren, or Bear Island; and on its 
summit once stood the "Castle" 
of Rensselaerstein^ from whose wall 
Nicholas Koorn, the agent of Kil- 
lian Van Rensselaer, the Patroon, 
compelled passing vessels to dip 
their colors and pay tribute, or take 
the chances of being sunk by the 
ordnance of the fort. An amus- 
ing account of the whole difficulty 
between Governor Kieft of New 
Amsterdam, and the Patroon, is 
given in "Knickerbocker's" His- 
tory of New York. 

CASTLETON. 

Schodac, Rensselaer Co., N. Y 
135 miles from New York. 

A small and compact village, 
built upon a steep hillside on the 
eastern bank of the river. The 
domes and spires of Albany, 9 miles 
distant, may be seen from this point. 

Castleton Bar^ formerly known 
as the Overslattgh, has always been 
a serious impediment to navigation 
at this point. As early as 1790W 



52 



HUDSON RIVER. 



State appropriations were made for 
the purpose of improving the chan- 
nel, but all efforts were unavailing 
vntil the present system of dykes 
was commenced. A. Van Sant- 
voordy Esq., of Albany, President 
^f the Day Line of New York and 
A-lbany Steamers, and other promi- 
nent citizens of Albany and Troy, 
had the subject brought before the 
State Legislature, and work was 
begun in 1863. In 1868 the U. S. 
Government assumed the work of 
completing the dykes, and they 
may now be seen stretching for 
several miles along the river, effec- 
tually accomplishing the purpose for 
which they were intended. 

GREENBUSH, 

Greenhush, Rensselaer Co.., N. V., 
144 miles from Ne.iv York., 

ft iitaated on tike ea«t side of the 



river opposite to Albany. Its poj^ 
ulation is largely made up of em- 
ployes on the great railway lines 
which meet here from all parts of 
the Eastern States and from New 
York. 

Along the river bank, both above 
and below the village proper, ai 
handsome houses, and many pleas- 
ant-looking villas and cottages may 
be seen on the high bluff which rises 
beyond the alluvial flats that border 
the river. 

Greenbush is a translation of the 
old Dutch name, which was doubt- 
less appropriate in its day. During 
the French War in 1755, Green- 
bush was a military rendezvous, and 
again in 1 812 the United States Gov- 
ernment established extensive bar- 
racks whence troops were forwardiS 
to the Canadian frontier. 




Albany, N. Y., 

(Comer of Broadway and Maiden Zan«.) 

Adjoining New York Central & Hudson Kiver and Rensselaer 
& Saratoga Railroad Depots. 

First-Class in Every Respect. 



TERMS, $3.00 PER DAY. 



Delay AN Peck, Proprietor. 



HUDSON RIVER. 



53 



Albany, 



Albany County^ N. Y. 

144 miles from New York. 

HoTRLS—DelavaK, Stanwix, Congress Hall, and City Hotel. 



THIS city lies upon the west bank 
of the Hudson River, near the 
middle of the county, and embraces 
a strip of land about one mile wide, 
extending thirteen and a half miles 
in a northwest direction, to the 
northern boundary of the county. 
Before incorporation it was known 
under the names of "Beverwyck," 
*' William Stadt," and "New 
Orange." The seat of the State 
Government, originally fixed at New 
York City, was removed to this 
place in 1798. The early growth 
of the city was exceedingly slow ; its 
population numbering less than 10,- 
000 at the end of a century from 
its incorporation, which was in 16S6. 
In 1 7 14, when a century old, it 
contained only 3,329 inhabitants, 
nearly 500 of whom were slaves. 
Steam navigation, originated by 
Fulton on the Hudson in 1807, and 
the completion of the Erie Canal 
in 1825, each gave powerful impul- 
ses to .ts growth, and in less than 



half a century it added more than 
50,000 to its populat.on. In 1865, 
the census report shows about 63,- 
000. The whole city, comprised 
within the limits of Pearl, Steuben, 
and Beaver Streets, in 1676, was 
surrounded by wooden walls, with 
openings for musketry. There 
were six gates to the city, and the 
maintenance of these fragile defen - 
ces was the source of unceasing con- 
tention between the authorities and 
the inhabitants. A portion of these 
walls were remaining so late as 1812; 
they were thirteen feet in height, 
and made of timber about a foot 
square. The city has many hand- 
some avenues, and the walks and 
drives about the city are exceedingly 
beautiful. A walk of half a mile from 
the city brings to view the verdure- 
clad mountains of Vermont and the 
towering Catskills. The first rail- 
road in the State of New York, and 
the second in the United States, wai 
opened from Albany to Scheaecta* 



54 



HUDSON lUVEl^ 



dy in 1831. The commerce of 
Albany is very considerable. 

COMMUNICATIONS. 

Besides the great natural means 
of communication which the river 
affords, the city is connected with 
Kew York by two lines of raih'oad, 
the Hudson River and the Harlem. 
The New York Central Railroad 
and the Erie Canal connect it with 
the Great Lakes. Through Troy it 
communicates with Northern New 
York, Vermont, and Canada by the 
Rensselaer &^ Saratoga and Troy 
<5r» Boston railways, and by the 
Champlain Canal. By the Boston 
<Sr» Albany Raihuay, it communi- 
cates with the New England States, 
and by the Albany 6^ Szisquehan7ia 
Railway with Binghamton and the 
coal regions of Pennsylvania. 

TRADE AND MANUFACTURES. 

The manufactures are extensive 
and varied. Its numerous stove 
foundcries and breweries are on an 
immense scale. Seventy thousand 
barrels of ale are made aiinually at 
one brewery. The workshops of 
the Central Railroad give employ- 
ment to more than one thousand 
persons. Its other manufactures 
are varied and extensive. The sales 
of barley amount to more than 2,- 
000,000 bushels per annum, most 
of which is consumed by the brew- 
ers. Lumber is another very im- 



portant article of trade. Albanj 
is also one of the leadmg cattle- 
marts of the country. The markets 
at Bull's Head in New York, and 
at Brigliton, near Boston, receive a 
large portion of their supplies froro 
here. 

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

The State buildings include the 
Capitol, State Hall, State Library, 
Geological and Agricultural Hall, 
Normal School, and State Arsenal 
and Armory. The City Hall is an 
elegant structure, faced with Sing 
Sing marble, and surmounted by a 
gilded dome. The Albany Ex- 
change^ a massive granite building, 
is situated on Broadway, at the foot 
of State Street, and contains th« 
Post-office. 

INSTITUTIONS. 

Besides Public Schools, the Edu- 
cational Institutions are the Albany 
Academy^ Albany Female Acadt' 
myy Albany Female Seminary^ 
Albany Institute, and the Albany 
Industrial School. The public 
schools afford instruction to 20,000 
children of both sexes, and are con- 
ducted at an annual expense of $50,* 
000. There are two Christian 
Associations, Protestant and Caih' 
olic, the former being the oldest in- 
stitution of the kind in the United 
States. The Dudley Observatory^ 
on an eminence in the northern bor- 
der of the city, was incorporated 



HUDSON RIVER. 



55 



April 2, 1852 ; it was founded I 
throu^^ the munificence of Mrs. 
Blandina Dudley, who gave $90,- 
000 for its construction and endow- 
ment. The building, constructed 
in. the form of a cross, is admirably 
arranged, and is furnished with 
•ome of the largest and finest in- 
struments ever constructed. It has 
an extensive library attached. The 
Albany Medical College and the 
Law School of the University of 
Albany are on Eagle Street, and 
have all the facilities for teaching 
the respective sciences. The Albany 
Almshouse^ Insane Asyht??i, and a 
Fever Hospital are located upon a 
farm of 116 acres, one and a half 
miles southwest of the city, and are 
under the management of the city 
authorities. The Indiistrial School 
building is located on the same 
farm. The Albany City Hospital ^ 
on Eagle Street, was incorporated 
in 1849. The Albany Orphan Asy- 
lum, on Washington Street, at the 
junction of the Western Turnpike, 
was incorporated it 1831 ; it was 
erected, as was the City Hospital, 
by private subscription ; it is now 
aided by State funds. The St. Vin- 
ent Orphan AsylutHy incorporated 
In 1849, ^^ under the charge of the 
Sisters of Mercy. The male depart- 
ment, two miles west of the Capi- 
tol, is under the charge of the 
Christian Brothers. 



CHURCHES. 
The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) 
was formed in 1640. A Lutheran 
Church existed in 1680. The first 
Protestant Episcopal Church (St. 
Peter's) was erected in 17 15; it 
stood in the centre of State Street, 
opposite Chapel Street. The com- 
munion plate of this church was 
presented to the Onondagas by 
Queen Anne. The most costly 
edifices are the Catholic Cathedral 
of the Immaculate Conception, cor- 
ner of Eagle and Lydius Streets, and 
the St. Joseph's (R. C.) Church. 
In 1858 there were forty-eight 
churches in the city. 

Water is supplied to the city from 
Rensselaer Lake, about five miles 
west of the City Hall, and 225 feet 
above the level of the water of the 
Hudson. This lake covers thirty- 
nine acres, and its capacity is 180,- 
000,000 gallons. A brick conduit 
conveys the water to Bleecker Res- 
ervoir, on Patroon Street, whence it 
is distributed tlirough the city. This 
reservoir has a capacity of 30,000,- 
000 gallons. The cost of the con- 
struction of these works was up- 
wards of $1,000,000. 

An important event in the recent 
history of Albany was the construc- 
tion of the railroad bridge over the 
Hudson. It was completed in 
March, 1866. The total length of 
this bridge is now 4,009 feet, 01 



56 



HUDSON RIVER. 



over three-fourths of a mile. The 
Approaches consist of embankments 
And masonry, leaving the bridge 
proper 2,016 feet in length. It has 
twenty spans — three over the Al- 
bany basin, each 66 feet in length ; 
ax across the river, two of which 
form the draw, 112 feet each, and 
the other four fixed spans, 172 feet 
each. The remaining eleven ex- 
tend across the flats, and are 66 



feet each, except one cf 71 feet 

Its height is 30 feet above ordinary 
summer tide level. Piers are of 
cut stone, quarried at Amsterdam 
and Tribe's Hill, on the line of the 
New York Central Railway, and 
from Kingston, on the Hudson 
River, in Ulster County. The su- 
perstructure is of iron, sufficie»tly 
wide for two tracks. Its cost bai 
been $1,150,000. 



SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 



JAMES H. WRIGHT, 

LEADING TAILOE & CLOTHIER, 

117 & 119 BROADWAY, 

A few doors soutli of the United States Hotel. 



A larg-e assortment of the Finest Goods. Artistic Cutters. 
Pi ices moderate. Suits to order at one day's notice. Estab- 
lished 1855. 

A full line of Gentlemen's Furnisliing Goods of every descrip-. 
tion at popular prices. 



CHAPTEE III 



THE HOTELS. 



The liotels at Saratoga Spriugs are among the largest, the 
most costly, elegant, and comfortable in the world. For nearly 
a century people have journeyed to these springs, to drink their 
healing waters ; and, as one day's visit is hardly worth the while 
they have sought a home here during the summer season. It ia 
this that has caused the village to open its doors so freely, and 
to build up, from a small beginning, a system of hotels and 
boarding-houses unlike anything else to be found. Added to 
this came, in time, the demands of the merely pleasure-seeking, 
fashionable world. People came to the springs for the sake of 
the gay company gathered here, and from year to year the hotels 
have grown, expanding their wings and adding room beyond 
room, till they cover acres of ground, and the halls and piazzas 
Btretch out into miles. They have a bewildering fashion here 
of repeating the wondrous tale of these things. They talk 
about the miles of carpeting; the thousands upon thousands of 
doors and windows ; the hundreds of miles of telegraph wires; 
vast acres of marble floors ; and tons of eatables stored in the 
pantries, till one is lost in admirable confusion. It is all true 
and that is the wonder of it. 

As for the management that governs it all, it is more remarka- 
ble than the gilding and mirrors. It is a sort of high science, 
unequaled in the world, combining in a delightful mixture, the 
*' ease of mine inn," such as the English essayist never knew, and 
a perfection of detail and freedom from friction that is as pleas- 
ant as it is wonderful. Ask for anything you like in the kuowa 
world, and, if it can be found, it will be provided. 

15 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Saratoga's face is lier fortune, and it is said that the entire 
town devotes its days and nights to the comfoit of the tourist. 
Of course, if this is true, and it undoubtedly is, the tourist should 
be indeed happy. If he is not, it is safe to say it is his own fault. 
In speaking of these hotels, the four great houses are mentioned 
first, because they are the largest. The smaller ones stand in the 
immediate neighborhood of these greater houses, and will be 
noticed in the order of their size. The numerous boarding houses 
will be considered in the next chapter. 
Congress Hall 
Is built on the site of the old and famous hotel of the same name 
which was burned in 186G, and occupies the larger part of the 
square bounded by Broadway, East Congress, Spring and Putnam 
Streets. Its situation is in the very centre of the gay and fashion- 
able hotel world of Saratoga, and is admirably arranged for seeing 
all the attractive phases of the "great watering-place" life. 
Its frontage on Broadway, the principal street of the town, is 416 
feet, with a high promenade piazza 20 feet wide and 249 feet in 
length, commanding a view of the most brilliant portion of Sara- 
toga. From the Broadway front two immense wings, 300 feet 
long, extend to Putnam Street, the northern wing, running along 
Spring Street and overlooking the celebrated Hathorn and Hamil- 
ton Sprmgs on one side, and with the central wing which runs 
parallel with it, enclosing a very beautiful garden-plot. The 
southern front commands a full view of the famous Congress and 
Columbian Springs, and the beautiful Congress Park, which has 
been very artistically arranged and adorned this season, at great 
expense, by the Congress and Empire Spring Co, Ample piazzas 
extend around the back of the hotel, overlooking the grass and 
garden-plots of the interior court, affording cool and shady Tetreata 
in the afternoon, when the most entrancing music is discoursed 
by the celebrated Bernstein Orchestra of New York. 

Congress Hall is built in the most substantial manner of brick, 
with brown -stone trimmings, and presents one of the most grace- 
ful architectural appearances in Saratoga. Its walls are 20 inches 
thick and hollow in the centre, thus securing great strength and 
protection from heat of summer. The roof is a Mansard, with 
three pavilions, which afford wide and delightful views from the 

16 



iLftili 




if 
IIP 

m 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

promenades on top. Interior fire-walls are provided to prevent 
the spread of fire, and Otis elevators afford easy access to all the 
floors of the house. The rooms are all large, high and well ven- 
tilated, and properly provided with annunciators, gas, etc. The 
halls, dining-rooms, parlors, and ofiices are of grand proportions, 
and are furnished and finished with a quiet elegance that is an as- 
eurance of comfort and neatness in all its departments, and com- 
ports with the taste of its patrons. During the spring of 1876 
extensive repairs have been made, among which are a material 
improvement in the ventilation of the dining-room and kitchen, 
and the introduction of Steam Heating Apparatus on the main 
floor for use whenever changes in the temperature require it. 
Hot and cold 'water have been carried to every floor, and a large 
number of baths and closets added for the convenience of guests. 

There has also been a complete renovation of the furniture, and 
the rooms, halls, and parlors have been recarpeted, and the walla 
refinished ; and the furnishing of the public parlors, reception 
rooms, office, and dining-room completely renewed. The laundry 
has been greatly improved and its facilities increased, and the 
entire hotel materially improved in all its interior arrangements. 

The rooms of Congress Hall are all larger, and therefore afford 
pleasanter and more health}' apartments than any other hotel in 
Saratoga, and will accommodate over 1,000 guests in the most 
comfortable style. The beds are the easiest and best spring and 
hair mattresses to be found in this country, and ample presses, 
closets, etc. afford all desirable conveniences. The ball-room of 
the Congress i» one of the finest in northern New York, being 
most exquisitely frescoed and adorned with costly chandeliers and 
ornaments. It is in the block across Spring street, but is con- 
nected with the north wing of th . hotel by a light, graceful iron 
bridge suspended over the street, properly covered and protected, 
which, when illuminated on hop nights, is very picturesque. 

Congress Hall is favored with a superior class of visitors, which 
annually include some of the finest families of our metropolitan 
cities, whose names are at once recognized in the most refined 
society; and it is the intention of the present proprietors, Messrs. 
Hathom and Cooke, to maintain for the Congress the excellent 
reputation which it has enjoyed for so many years. 

17 



BARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Grand Union. 

This palatial hotel occupies almost the entire square bounded 
by Broadway, Congress, Federal and Washington streets, in the 
very center of the town. It is a magnificent structure of brick 
and iron of modern style, with a street frontage of 2,400 feet. 
It is undoubtedly the largest and most elegantly furnished water- 
ing-place hotel in the world. Along its entire Broadway front of 
800 feet runs a graceful iron piazza three stories high, affording a 
splendid promenade which overlooks the liveliest -portion of 
Broadway, and the beautiful Congress Park and Spring. The 
interior arrangements of this hotel are unsurpassed for complete- 
ness, convenience and elegance by any watering-place hotel in 
the world. The main entrance and office is at the center of the 
Broadway front, in the rotunda, eighty feet in diameter, which 
extends to the top of the house, with balconies on each of the 
five stories overlooking the entrance and grand saloon about the 
office. To the left of the office are reception rooms and the 
grand saloon parlor, the most beautifully decorated and hand- 
somely furnished drawing-room in the world, and in the summer 
evenings, during the season, presents the most brilliant scene of 
watering-place festivities to be found. 

Passing through the drawing-room we find other smaller private 
parlors, and turning to the right into the Congress street wing we 
enter the spacious and elegant dining-hall, 60 feet wide, 275 feet 
long, very high, beautifully frescoed, and furnished with splen- 
did mirrors, which reflect the festal scene, and add new lustre 
to the brilliant assemblies which congregate, during the season, in 
this sumptuous dining-hall. 

During the Spring of 1876 the dining-room was lengthened 75 
feet, a new fire-proof kitchen and serving-rooms added, and the 
ventilation of the whole cuisine department made the most per- 
fect possible. The dining-hall and its appurtenances are now 
undoubtedly the finest and most complete in the world. 

The rooms of the hotel are furnished in elegant style, and 
many are arranged in suites for family use, handsomely frescoed, 
and supplied with pure, fresh, running spring water, hot and 
cold, in every room. This important improvement has been 
made during the past Spring, and a serious inconvenience hereto- 

18 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

fore experienced has been remedied. Three elevators are now in 
operation, and guests are conveyed to and from the five floors 
with the utmost ease and dispatch. The hotel fronts on three 
streets, thus affording a large number of outside rooms, while the 
rear rooms open upon the handsome interior court-square, beau- 
tifully adorned with trees, shrubs and flowers, presenting a 
delightful view of genuine artistic landscape gardening. On 
three sides of this interior court is a wide promenade piazza, 
which affords delightful retreat, and yet commands a scene of 
entrancing beauty. 

The new ball-room, 60 x 85 feet, built in 1876, is most beauti- 
fully proportioned and frescoed, and adorned with balconies of 
the most attractive character. Yvon's Grand Centennial Picture, 
*'The Genius of America," painted expressly for the late Mr. 
Stewart, occupies one entire end of the room. 

The assemblies in this beautiful hall are unexcelled in bril- 
liancy by any similar entertainments in the country. Gilmore'a 
world-renowned band of 25 performers supplies the music, and 
concerts are given every morning on the piazzas of the hotel, 
and hops every evening in the ball-room. 

For the entertainment of the children a "Matinee Dansante," 
under the direction of Prof. Manuel, is given every Wednesday 
afternoon. Garden Parties and summer-night "Fete Champe- 
tres" will be given frequently during the season, and a "Ger- 
man" once each week. No effort or expense is spared by the 
■lanagers to secure the highest enjoyment possible to the guests 
of the Grand Union at these entertainments. 

Billiard tables and new bowling alleys are provided for the ex- 
clusive use of guests, and all facilities that can conduce to com- 
fort and entertainment are provided by the liberal management 
of this palatial hotel. 

Its past management has secured for ft a most enviable reputa- 
tion, but the plaDs which the late Mr. Stewart had devised for 
the further convenience and enjoyment of the guests, surpassing 
the liberality of past years, are being completed and will be fully 
cairied out, thus winning for the Grand Union the pre-eminence 
for completeness, vastness and elegance, of all the watering- 
place hotels in the world. 

19 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The United States Hotel. 

This magnificent structure was completed in June, 1874, and 
is situated on the block bounded by Broadway and Division 
Street, on the site of the old United States Hotel, around which 
so many pleasant memories cluster, but which was burned a few 
years ago. It constitutes one continuous line of buildings, six 
stories high, over 1,400 feet in length, containing 917 rooms for 
guests, and is the largest hotel in the world. The architectural 
appearance is exceedingly elegant and beautiful. It is Norman 
in style, and its Mansard roof is embellished with pediments, ga- 
bles, dormer windows and ciestings, and three large pavilions. 

The building covers and encloses seven acres of ground in the 
form of an irregular pentagon, having a frontage of 232 feet on 
Broadway, 656 feet on Division Street, with "Cottage Wing" on 
the south side of the plaza, extending west from the main front 
for 566 feet. This wing is one of the most desirable features of 
this admirably- arranged house, as it affords families, and other 
parties, the same quiet and seclusion which a private cottage would 
afford, together with the attention and conveniences of a first- 
class hotel. The rooms of this wing are arranged in suites of 
one to seven bedrooms, with parlor, bath-room, and water-closet 
in each suite. Private table is afforded if desired, and the seclu- 
sion and freedom of a private villa may be enjoyed here, to be 
varied, at will, by the gayer life of the hotel and watering place. 

The main front and entrance is on Broadway, in which is the 
elegant drawing-room, superbly furnished vrith Axminster car- 
pets, carved walnut and marble furniture, frescoed ceilings, 
elegant lace curtains, and costly chandeliers and mirrors. The 
room is rich and tasteful in its entire arrangements. Across the 
hall is the ladies' parlor, furnished with exquisite taste ; and be- 
yond, at the corner of the Broadway and Division Street fronts, 
are the gentlemen's reading-rooms and the business offices of the 
hotel. To the we.st of the office in the Division Street wing, is 
the dining-hall, 52 by 212 feet with 20^ feet ceiling ; beyond 
which are the private drawing-rooms, the children's ordinary, 
carving-rooms, etc. The grand ball-room, 112 by 5.3 feet, with 
ceilings 26 feet high, is on the second floor of the Division Street 
wing, and is decorated with artistic and appropriate adornments. 

20 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The arrangement of the sleeping apartments of this hotel is excel 
lent, and its rooms are furnished with gas, water, and marblo 
basins throughout. It is the only hotel in Saratoga that is thor- 
oughly plumbed and has running water in all its rooms. All the 
rooms are connected with the office by an electric armunciator. 
The entire building is divided into five sections by thick, fire- 
proof walls, and the openings through them are protected by 
heavy iron doors, thus affording great protection in case of fire. 
There are also fire-hydrants in each section, with hose attached, 
on each floor. Two elevators, of Otis Brothers' manufacture, are 
used solely for conveying guests to the various floors of the house, 
and every convenience that modern ingenuity has devised has 
been adopted in equipping this elegant hotel for its immense 
summer business. Upon the Broadway front is a fine piazza, 232 
feet long, three stories high, overlooking the center of the village ; 
and one on Division Street, 200 feet in length. Extensive piazzas, 
2,300 feet in length, for promenades, encircle the large interior 
court, which is ornamented with beautiful shade -trees, sparkling 
fountains, graceful lawn-statuary, and meandering walks ; and, 
during the evening, when illuminated with colored lights and 
lanterns, and enlivened with exquisite music, the scene is brilliant 
and fascinating in the extreme. 

In fact, everything that is needed to make the hotel attractive 
and convenient is found here, and the United States Hotel stands 
unexcelled in its furnishing and arrangements by any of the hotels 
of the great watering-place. As one looks upon this palatial 
structure, and carefully inspects the detailed arrangements for 
the perfect convenience and comfort of its guests, he can but be 
amazed at the enterprise and courage of its owners, who have 
opened to the world this stupendous establishment. This immense 
and elegant hotel is managed by gentlemen of great experience. 
The Hon. James M. Marvin, who is well known to all old frequent- 
ers of Saratoga, has the general control of the whole interest, 
while Messrs. Tompkins, Perry, Gage, and Jonvrin have the super- 
vision of the interior arrangements of the house. Their experi- 
ence in our metropolitan hotels specially fits theiu for this im- 
portant department, and guests can rely upon having everything 
provided that will conduce to their comfort and happiness. 

21 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Clarendon Hotel. 

This excellent house stands on Broadway, a short distance 
eouth of Congress Street, on one of the pleasantest sites in the 
village. The Clarendon is the only hotel in Saratoga Avhich is 
painted white, -with green blinds, presenting that clean, neat a^)- 
pearance which distinguishes so many New England villages, and 
produces a truly rural effect among the beautiful shade-trees that 
surround it. It pleasantly contrasts with the more metropolitan 
architecture and colors which obtain among the other hotels. It 
partly incloses within its wings a depression or valley, ornamented 
with shade trees, among which stands the tasteful pagoda covering 
the popular Washington Spring. The Lei and Spring, named in 
honor of the affable proprietor of the hotel, is also within these 
grounds. These spring waters are among the most valuable of 
the Saratoga waters, the Washington Spring being a tonic water, 
highly prized by Saratoga residents, and popular with the visitors. 
Congress Grove is immediately opposite the Clarendon, and such 
of its guests as prefer Congress or Columbian waters to that 
which springs within their own dooryard can easily reach them. 
This hotel is largely patronized by a class of visitors who do not 
desire to mingle with the somewhat promiscuous company which 
fills the larger hotels. The Clarendon can accommodate about 
500 guests, and its arrangement is every way calculated to give 
satisfaction to those who patronize it as a summer resort. An 
excellent band discourses delightful masic daily, morning and 
evening, from the piazza overlookiug the interior court, which is 
illuminated in the evening, and presents a very picturesque effect. 

The Clarendon is owned by Mr. Charles E. Leland, a younger 
member of the Leland family whose name has become so cele- 
brated in connection with first-class hotels jn America. He is 
also proprietor of the famous Delavan House in Albany, N. Y,, 
which has become so famous under his care as a superb hotel, and 
the new and elegant Rossmore Hotel at Broadway, Forty -second 
Street and Seventh Avenue, New York. The Eossmore is one of 
the most costly and magnificent hotels in America. It is built in 
the most moaern style of hotels, with every convenience that 
human genius could, devise, and furnished with a luxuriance and 
elegance unsurpassed by any hotel in the world. With three such 

22 



SAKATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

elegant hotels under his control, Mr. Leland needs no further 
testimony as to his ability to supply all the wants and please the 
taste of the refined and aristocratic patrons of his famous hotels. 

The Columbi-an Hotel, 
Mr, D. A. Dodge, proprietor, is a new hotel on Broadway, oppo- 
site Congress Park, and just south of Crystal Spring. A more 
beautiful and central location is not to be found in the limits of 
the famous watering-place. It is jusfc where everybody wants to 
be, and yet is free from noise, is homelike, and patronized by 
superior society. To those who visit Saratoga for genuine recrea- 
tion, for sight-seeing, or for health, the Columbian Hotel offers 
special advantages. Congress, Columbian, Crystal, and Washing- 
ton Springs are in full view from the piazzas, and the popular 
drives to the Geyser Spring region and Ballston Springs are past 
this hotel. The house is built of brick, in a very substantial 
manner, and has been materially enlarged during the spring of 
1876, so that it has now a frontage of 131 feet on Broadway, with 
a wide two story piazza 115 feet long, overlooking Congress Park 
and the fashionable drive of the town. The back piazza, overlook- 
ing its own beautiful grounds and those of the Clarendon Hotel, 
including Washington Spring, is also 115 feet in length, and as one 
of these piazzas is always shaded, a pleasant retreat is furnished 
at any hour of the day. All the rooms of the Columbian have 
pleasant and open outlooks, and are richly furnished with black 
walnut and upholstered furniture. Everything about it is well 
arranged and delightful, and it is kept with a neatness and quiet 
order that insures comfort and real enjoyment. With its charm- 
ing location, its perfect neatness, and its agreeable society, what 
more could be asked ? Besides, its prices are very reasonable. 
It will accommodate from 250 to 300 guests. 

The Holden House 
Is situated on one of the pleasantest portions of Broadway, just 
north of the Marvin House. The building is of brick, and has 
a pleasant veranda on its front, commanding a fine view of the 
princijial street of the village. It was opened iu 1871, and 
proved to be one of the most popular of the smaller hotels. 

23 




COLUMBIAN HOTEL, 

Proadway, opposite Congress Park, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

P. A. DODGE, PROPRIETOR. 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Windsor Hotel. 
This new and elegant house was built in the Spring of 1 876, 
and opened for the first time to the public in June. It stands on 
the corner of Broadway and William street, on higher ground than 
any other hotel in Saratoga, and commands a magnificent view 
of the beautiful Congress Park, Broadway, and the great hotels of 
the town. The house is constructed in the most modem style of 
arrangement, and its rooms are supplied with all the conveni- 
ences, such as closets, passenger elevator, etc. , which go to make 
a real first-class hotel. The ceilings are high, the rooms large 
and well ventilated, with a very pleasant outlook from each, 
while the prospect from its upper stories is beautiful. From the 
roof of the house the view commands a wide range of country, 
embracing in its scope several villages in Saratoga county, the 
Hudson Valley, the Green Mountains in the distant East, and the 
Greenfield Hills and Adirondack Mountains on the west, with the 
whole of the village of Saratoga Springs and Congress Park in 
immediate prospect. On two sides of the house is a wide 
piazza, three stories high, which commands the most delightful 
view of any hotel piazza in Saratoga. 

The house is so situated that it overlooks the entire length of 
Broadway, the principal street of the village, and the broad, 
handsomely shaded avenue, with its bustle and gorgeous pageant, 
and mammoth hotels on either side, forms a vista remarkably 
charming, and unequaled in the great watering-place. The in- 
terior arrangements of the house are in keeping with its handsome 
surroundings — the furniture rich, and the grand saloon parlor 
elegantly furnished and decorated. The cuisine department ia 
superintended by most competent caterers, and it is the intention . 
of the proprietor, Mr. Poole, to keep a house inferior to none in 
this famous watering-place. The popular drive to Geyser Spring 
and the other Spouting Springs is through Broadway in front of 
the Windsor. The most important springs are but a few rods from 
the hotel, and all the principal attractions of the village are close by. 

The appearance of the house, its beautiful situation, its new 
and fresh condition, its modern conveniences, its experienced 
management, and its fair prices, combine to make the Windsor a 
very desirable place of resort for the summfx. 

24 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



The Marvin House 
Is situated on the corner of Broadway and Dmsion Street, 
directly opposite the new United States Hotel. It is one of the 
best constructed hotels in Saratoga, and will accommodate about 
800 guests. The building is of brick, and is of modern and im- 
proved arrangement in its interior plan, having been built but a 
few years. It is five stories high, surmounted with a Mansard 
roof, and presents a very neat and attractive exterior on the fash- 
ionable avenue of the town. The house fronts two of the most 
prominent streets of the town, and its rooms are particularly de- 
sirable, as they command views of the liveliest portions of Broad- 
way and the business center of the place. Extending along the 
Broadway front is a fine broad^ piazza two stories high, which 




commands the most extended view of Broadway of any piazza in 
Saratoga, overlooking it from Congress Park and Spring for a 
distance north of over half a mile ; thus affording a delightful 
lounging-place on a summer's day, and an excellent resort for 
sight-seeing. During the spring of 1874 the office was remodeled 
and very much improved, so that the Marvin has now one of the 
pleasantest offices and reading-rooms of all the Saratoga hotels. 
The Marvin is but a few steps from the Railroad Depot, and free 
carriages and trusty porters await the arrival of all trains. The 
hotel is kept open throughout the year. 

25 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Waverly House 
Is situated in the upper part of Saratoga, on Broadway, in a 
beautiful and quiet portion of the village, and yet easily acces- 
sible to the gayety and fashion of the large hotels. This is the 
nearest hotel to the celebrated High Rock, Saratoga Star, Em- 
pire, Excelsior, and Seltzer Springs, and within a few minutes' 
walk of the Congress, Washington, Hatbom, and Crystal 
Springs. 




It stands on higher ground than any other hotel in Saratoga, 
and is kept with a view to affording the greatfc^ contort anci 
luxuries to its guests. Its patrons are among the finest classes 
that visit Saratoga. Parties and families wishing rooms and 
board for the season will find reasonable terms and the most po- 
lite attention. 

The American 
Forms another of the group of hotels in the immediate vicinity 
of Congress and Hathom Springs. It is at the corner of Broad- 
way and Washington Street, and is kept open all the year. 

26 



RENSSELAER AND SARATOGA. 

DRS. STRONG'S REMEDIAL INSTITUTE. 

This excellent institution is situated on Circular street. th« 
most beautiful avenue m Saratoga, only a short distance from 
the great hotels, and one block from the Congress Park. 

The institute was established several years ago, and has eii' 
joyed a superior reputation for its treatment of invalids, as wel! 
as for its hotel and boarding accommodations, and will 
accommodate 200 guests. Being somewhat removed fron: 
the bustle and confusion of the large hotels, it affords a 
delightful retreat for persons of impaired health ; while 
refined and cultivated people will find its society more con- 
genial than that of the more public houses. Among its annual 
patrons are Rev. Theodore L. Cuyler, D.D. ; Ex-Grov. Well*, 
of Ya, ; Mr. Robert Carter, of the firm of Carter Brothers, pub- 
lishers, of New York, and many others of like position ib 
Bociety. The institution is supplied with new and the mos; 
improved apphances now known to medical science, among 
which are the Electro-thermal, Sulphur Air, Turkish, and 
Russian Baths, Swedish Movement Cure, the Equalizer or 
Yacuum Treatment, Oxygen Inhalations, GTymnastics, and 
other varieties of Hydropathy and Medicine. The whole insti- 
tution, with its treatment, is supervised by Drs. Sylvester S. 
and Sylvester E. Strong, regular physicians, graduated at the 
Medical Department of the University of New York. 

The elegance and convenience of the Bath Department ia 
unsurpassed in this country, or the world. The buildings are 
heated by steam, so that the temperature throughout the house 
is moderated to a healthful uniformity, and in winter is brought 
to the condition of a summer climate. Circulars giving a fuU 
description of the institution, its remedial agents and rare ap- 
pliances, its remarkable success in the treatment of Nervous, 
Lung, Female, and Chronic Diseases, with distinguished ref- 
erences, terms^ etc., will be furnished by the proprietors OB 
appiicAtion. 



Ill 



a a' 
<a 








Dr. Robert Hamilton's Medical Institute. 
On Franklin Street, is an institution for the treatment of various 
chronic and special diseases, and is conducted by one of Sara- 
toga's most eminent physicians, who has long enjoyed a good 
reputation as a practitioner, and is a conscientious Christian 
gentleman. Many are familiar with liis institution that stood 
on the corner of Broadway and Congress Street for many years, 
but was burned in the disastrous fire that swept away the Park 
Place and Crescent hotels. 

In the spring of 1874, Dr. Hamilton removed to Franklin Street, 
one of the most quiet and beautiful streets in town, and has now 
one of the best institutions for the treatment of the various dis- 
eases "that flesh is heir to." He is one of the most reliable 
consulting physicians in Saratoga County, and, having long 
resided and practi ;ed in Saratoga, and observed the effects of 
30 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

tlio various spring waters on different constitutions and in 
difterent diseases, is best qualified to give advice to those wno 
wish to drink the mineral waters in a systematic way and to 
the best advantage. Dr. Hamilton makes a specialty of this prao* 
tice, and is recognized as a most excellent authority on the sub 
ject. 

The institution is open as a summer boarding-house during 
the season, and is kept in good style, and in such a manner that 
no features of a medical institute are observable. The terms are 
very reasonable, and all the medical patrons will be most con- 
Bcientiously and ably treated, and the pleasure-guests cared for 
with faithful attendance to their wants. We append a notice 
that appeared in the Saratoga Sun, April, 1874, which shows 
how Dr. Hamilton is regarded at home by those who know him 
best : 

** Up to the time of the destruction of 'The Crescent' by fire 
there was probably no medical institute in Saratoga better known 
or so well known as the one kept by Dr. Robert Hamilton. His 
common-sense method of treatment, his thorough acquaintance 
with the medical properties of all the waters of all the springs, 
find the general tone of health, vigor, hopefulness, and social 
comfort which distinguished his practice made his institute 
popular with all his inmates, and famous throughout the land. 
Since the fire Dr. Hamilton has not, until this spring, been able 
to locate permanently, and his patients have been accommodated 
as best they could be in private boarding-houses. Now, how- 
ever, he has taken the spacious and splendid buildings popularly 
known as * The Summer Resort,' and will, the 1st of May, re- 
open there his medical institute, with ample and pleasant accom- 
modations for a large number of patient and guests. ' The Sum 
mer Resort ' is most conveniently located on Franklin Street, 
near all the springs, and in the most quiet, genteel, and accessible 
part of the village. Dr. Hamilton will soon take possession, and 
thosQ who desire to avail themselves of the excellent methods 
of treatment and the superior advantages of his instituton will 
do wisely to make early application." 

Send for circular of tlie Institute and terms for board to Dr. 
Robert Hamilton, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

31 



Mount Mansfield Hotel 




This celebrated place of Summer resort opens for visitors June 1st, with 
extra inducements to the public to visit it and its surroundings. Board will be at 
ft reduced price, in harmony with the downwar d tendency of values. The proprie- 
tors are determined not to be excelled in their attention to guests, nor in courtesy 
■to them by their employees. 

The walks and drives cannot be surpassed. Sunset Hill, a short distance from 
the hotel, commands a fine viewof the mountains and surrounding country. The 
drives are fine — Mount Mansfield, eight miles ; Smuggler's Notch, one of the most 
wild and romantic places in the country, eight miles; Bingham's Falls, five miles; 
Moss Q-len Falls, three and one half miles; Gold Brook, three miles ; West Hill, 
two miles; Morrisville Falls, eight: miles ; Johnson's Falls, twelve miles; Nebraska, 
six miles. The Mount Mansfield is a new hotel, and has rooms for four hundn d 
guests. The rooms are airy, larsre, and in suits or private parlors, as may be de- 
sired. The hotel is brilliantly lighted with gas made on the premises, and guests 
will therefore not be subject to any disagree able smoke or smell from oil or cam- 
phene. Perfectly free from Hay Fever. 

An extensive Livery is connected with the hotel, and abundant stable room for 
those who desire their own teams ; also, Billiard-Tables, Bowling-Alleys, Caf6, 
Croquet Grounds, and Theatre ; with Telegraph Office near the hotel. A carriage 
road has been constructed to the summit of Mount Mansfield (about five thousand 
feet high), on which is an excellent hotel, making the mos-t delightful mountain 
trip possible. Fifty new rooms were added in the spring of 1S7.5. 

The route to Mount Mansfield Hotel is via the Vermont Central Railroad, leav- 
ing it at Waterbury Station, Vt. ; thence, a short distance by stage, to Stowe, 
through the finest scenery in the Green Mountains. 

From the White Mountains, over the Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad, to 
Morrisville, Vt. Stages connect with the midday train. 



N. P. KEELER, Manager, 



STOTV^IL, VT, 



St. Lawrence Hall, 




St. James St., Montreal 



F. GERIKEN, Proprietor, 

Successor to H HOGAN. 



The above hotel, unrivaled for size and accommodation in the 
city, has, during the past winter, been entirely refurnished and 
renovated. From its central location, it is especially adapted for 
the convenience of tourists — all the principal places of interest 
being in close proximity. As an evidence of superiority, it has 
been patronized by the Government on all public occasions, and 
by H. R. H. the Prince of Wales, His Excellency the Governor 
General, His Imperial Highness the Grand Duke Alexis, &c. 

The residence of the United States Consul is at this hotel. 

The proprietor having purchased the interest of H. Hogan, 
would respectfully solicit a continuance of the favors extended tq 
him for over twenty years. 

J. T. BURK110I.D£R, Manager. 




OTTAWA HOTEL, 

Notre Dame St. Great St. James St. 

MONTREAL, CANADA. 
C. S. BROWNE & J. a. PERLEY, Proprietors, 



This Popular First-Class Hotel accommodates 
400 Guests. 



The Ottawa Hotel covers the entire space of ground rtmning between St. 
lames and Notre Dame Streets, and has two beautiful fronts ; the one on the righ^ 
hi the above cut, represents the front on Notre Dame Street — the other on the left* 
the St. James Street front. 

The House has been thoroughly REFITTED and FURNISHED, 

irlth every regard to comfort and luxury— has Hot and Cold "Water, with Bsthi 
«nd CJlosets on each *oor. The aim has been to make this the most 

UNEXCEPTIONABLE FIRST-CLASS HOTEL IN MONTREAL. 

The Manager respectfully informs the traveling public that he intends by con- 
■tant attention to the wants of his patrons to make this hotel a comfortable toma 
for travelers, 

^P~ Carriages, with attentive drivers, may be had at all times by application at 
khe Office. 

Coaches will also be found at the Railway Depot and Steamboat Landings, on 6he 
arrival of the several Trains and Steamers. 

^^Bf MONTREAL TELEGRAPH OFFICE IN THE HOUSE. ,jg^ 



MONTREAL HOUSE, 




CUSTOM HOUSE SQUARE, 



DECKER & JUDD, PEOPEIETOES. 

Is the neatest, coolest, best furnished, most pleasantly situated, 
and has more front rooms, for its size, than any hotel in the 
Dominion of Canada. 

The hotel has a frontage of 180 feet on the Square and 120 
on Commissioners Street, with an entrance on both, located on 
the high ground overlooking the harbor, and affording a most 
picturesque view of St. Helen's Island, the projected site of the 
Royal Albert Bridge, and the river for miles above and below the 
Victoria Bridge, affording to guests something of interest instead 
of huge stone and b-ick walls to look at. As it is situated within 
a block and a half of the great Cathedral de Notre Dame, and in 
close proximity to the New Post Office and principal Banks, etc., 
it is not only by far the most pleasantly, but as conveniently loca- 
cated as any hotel in the city. 

The hotel is under the supervision of L. W. Decker, who, now 
that he has sold out his interest in the " Albion," in which he did 
so successful a business for 20 years, will be able to give his un- 
divided attention to the " Montreal House," where special effort 
will be made to make this house a favorite with tourists and 
pleasure seekers, and at the same time spare no pains to make it 
equally attractive to local custom and the general traveling 
public. It is kep in a manner quite up to any hotel in the city, 
and at prices not calculated to startle its guests. 



ALBION HOTEL, 

McGill and St. Paul Streets, 
MONTREAL, CANADA. 




Has for twenty years been the favorite resort of the traveling 
public of the United States, as well as of Canada, when visiting 
Montreal on business or pleasure. McGUl Street is the great 
business thoroughfare of the City, and from its proximity to 
the principal houses of business, justly entitles The Albion 
to that large and increasing support it is receiving from the 
commercial class ; whUe from its favorable position it commands 
a magnificent view of the River St. Lawrence, the Victoria 
Bridge, Victoria Square, and Mount Royal. It possesses every 
convenience which the traveling community can require, and 
we trust that our long experience in the business will give 
confidence to our friends that they will continue to enjoy at 
Tire Albion the advantage of a really first-class hotel at 
iecond-class prices. 

DECKER, STEARHIS & MURRAY 



THE RECOLLET HOUSE, 



MIONTKKAI, 




^ 



ROWN &■ ClAGGETT, 

Importers and Manufacturers of 

Ladies' Dresses, Suits, Mantles, and Gents' Clothing, 

THE DOMINION EMPORIUM FOR 

rine Shawls, Silks, Velvets, Laces, Eibbons, and Edd Gloves, 
Ladies' and G-ents' Purnisliings, 

AND 

Of every Descriptiou, Quality, and Style, 

€€>r, Ifotre Dame imvl St, Helen Sts, 



N.B. — Our Cutter and Manager in the Dressmaking Department, was formerly in 
a leading house iu New York. 



Pai\lor Boot and Shoe Store, 
JVb. 375 Jfotre Dame Street, 

IflONTRBAIi, 

IMPORrERS OF FRENCH AND AMERICAN FINE BOOTS 
AND SHOES, 

FOR LADIES, MISSES, AND CHILDREN ONLY. 



A. PER,R.Y Jr. 

[LATE OF BURT'S, BROOKLYN] 

P. S.— The proprietor (late with Bttkt's Fine Shoe House in Nirvr Yobk woA 
Bbooxlyk) is well up in the wants of a Fine Shoe Business, and respectfully 
liolicit a call. 



This Store is one of the most comfortable establishments in MontredL 



American ladies will find such goods as will be found in only one 
place outside of Montreal, and that is Paris I 



CENTRAL STOHAGE WAHEHOUSE, 




109, 111, 113 & 115 EAST 44th STREET, NEW YORK, 

EAST OF THE GRAND CENTUAL DEPOT. 

Lar(?e, elegant, very desirable and perfect Warehouses for the Storage and Safe- 
keeping of Furniture, Articles of Value, Works of Art, Baggage, Merchandise, 
&c., at the most reasonable rates. 

The Warehouses, being in the immediate vicinity of "The Grand Central Depot," 
are convenient for parties out of town, and goods or baggage can be consigned 
direct to our Warehouses, or we \vill take charge of them at the depot on receivingf 
letters of instruction, &c. 

Goods, packages, &,c., taken charge of at the Port of New York, and forwarded 
upon receipt of Bills of Lading, Invoices, Letters of Instruction, <&tc., to any place 
in this Country or Europe as directed. Charges for Freight, Insurance, Aic, ad- 
vanced. Warehouse receipts given on receipt of goods, and delivered to persong 
authorized to receive them. 

A large Carriage Elevator conveys carriages and loaded trucks to upper floors 
of building without unloading. Watchmen at all times on the premises. Goods 
taken on Storage day or night. Ladies and Gentlemen are invited to call and exam- 
ine our Warehouses before making arrangements for Storage elsewhere. 

CORNELIUS O'REILLY & BROS., Proprietors and Owners of Buildings. 



THE 



Highlands of the Hudson 



BY DAYLIG^HT. 



THE STEAMER 



MARY POWELL 

LEAVES NEW YORK DAILY 

(SUNDAYS excepted). 



LEAVES GOING SOUTH. 



LEAVES GOING NORTH. 



Jtondout 5.30 

PougJiJceepsie 6.00 

Milton 6.45 

Neiv TTnmburgJi \ ~ qq 

and Marlboro f ) 

Hfetvburgh 7.30 

Corntvall 7.45 

West Point 8.05 

Cozzenn' 8.10 

Arrives in New York at 10.45 



New YorJc, from Vestry p.m. 

St., Pier 39, at 3.30 

Cozzens' 6.00 

West Point. 6.10 

Cornwall 6.30 

Newburgh 6.45 

New Hamburgh ) 7 IS 

and Marlboro, f ** 

Milton 7.30 

PougWkeepsie 7.45 

Arrives" at Pdjindout 8.3C 



CONNECTS WITH EVENING TRAIN ON HUDSON RIVER 
R.R. AT POUGHKEEPSIE FOR THE NORTH. 

Low Rate Excursion Tickets to Lake Mohunk via Wall* 

kill Valley R.R., and Tickets to all points on 

Ulster and Delaware Railroad. 




TROY HOUSE 

TROY, N, Y. 



This house has recently been REFITTED and REFURNISHED In the 
most thorough manner, making it 

0/\/E OF THE FINEST HOTELS IN THE COUNTRY, 

And greatly superior to any in the City of Troy. 

I confidently assure my friends and the public that they will meet with 
every 

COMFORT, LUXURY, AND DESIRABLE CONVENIENCE 

At the Troy House, and will find the prices no higher than at any other 
flrHt-class Hotel. 

Gentlemen with their families, and others, will find the Troy House all 
£iAt is desired. 

Coaches will be in attendance to convey guests to and from the House. 

J. W. STEARNS, Pioprietor, 

Late of Mansion House 



BALLSTON SPA ARTESIAN LITHIA SPRING 



The water of this remarkable Spring is shown by analysis to be twice as rich ib 
valuable Itemtidial Agents as any other water lound in Saratoga County, and to 
surpass in excellence all the Waters found in other parts of the United States. 
Flowing from a depth of six hundred and fifty feet, through a tube bored into the 
•olid rock, it is not dUuted or contaminated by surface water, as is generally the 
case with shallow springs. 

Its medical properties partake of the most celebrated Springs of the world, and 
in fact combine the ingredients of all the principal ones in Europe and America. 
It is very strongly impregnated with that valuable mineral, Lithia, which is ao 
tffectual in dissolving the Chalk, or Limestone and Urate deposits in Rheuma- 
tism, Gout, and Qkavei,, and has been successf uily used by hundreds in these 
diseases, with quick and telling effect; as also in Kidney Disease, Lives Com- 
plaint, Catarrh, Dyspepsia, Biliousness, Acidity of the Stomach, Consti- 
pation and Piles, and has proved itself a perfect panacea for these difficulties. 

The large quantities of Lithia, Bx'omine, and Iodine which it contains, specially 
recommend it to the attention of every Physician. 

ANALYSIS BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLER, Ph.D. 



Chloride of Sodium 750.030 gr. 

Chloride of Potassium.... 33.276 " 

Bromide of Sodium 3.643 " 

Iodide of Sodium 0.124 " 

Fluoride of Calcium trace. 

Bicarbonate of Lithia ... . 7.750 " 

Bicarbonate of Soda 11.928 " 

Bicarbonate of Magnesia.. 18(i.602 " 

Bicarbonate of Lime 238.156 " 

Bicarbonate of Strontia.. 0.867 " 

Bicarbonate of Baryta .... 3. 881 " 

Bicarbonate of Iron 1.581 " 

School of Mines, Columbia College. 



Sulphate of Pota?sa 0.520 gr. 

Phosphate of Soda 0.050 " 

Bi borate of Soda trace. 

Alumina 0.077 *• 

Silica 0.761 »» 

Organic Matter trace. 



Total per gal. (231 cub. in). 1233.246 

Carbonic Acid Gas 426.114 cub. in. 

Density 1.0159 " 

Temperature 52 deg. F. 

JV. Y. April 21, 1868. 



For the benefit of those who are not acquainted "vith the richness of the dLffei> 
ent Springs, we give a Statement of the quantity of mineral matter contained in 
one gallon of Water of the Springs which claim to be the most effective in disease ;— 



Ballston Artesian Litbia 

Spring 1233,245 gr. 

Congress Spring 567 .943 " 

Empire Spring 490.352 " 

High Rock Spring 628.038 " 



Star Spring 615.685 gr. 

Seltzer Spring 401. OSO " 

Excelsior 514.746 " 

Gettysburgh Katalysine.. 266.93C •• 



The Water is carefully and securely bottled, and packed in boxes of four-doata 
Pints, and will bear transportation to any part of the world. 

To prevent imposition, the corks are marked thus: Artesian Spring 
Co., Ballstou, N. Y. Address 

ARTESIAN LITHIA SPRING CO.. 

Ballston Spa., N. "Yi 




ITHACA HOTEIj. 

ITHACA, N. Y. 

A. SHERMAN & SON, Proprietors. 



The above new Hotel was completed and opened for the recep- 
tion of guests on the 30th of September, 1872. 

It is centrally located for business, and convenient to Cornell 
UuivERSiTY, The Gorge, and other places of interest in and 
around Ithaca. 

This house has been furnished throughout with new and costly 
furniture, and is provided with every modem improvement found 
in any First-class Hotel in the country. Its rooms are large 
and air\', and great care has been taken in its construction to se- 
eure perfect ventilation. The table is constantly supplied with 
the luxuries of home and foreign markets, the assistants competent 
and attentive ; and the proprietors pledge themselves that no pains 
or expense shall be spared to make the stay of the guests of the 
Ithaca Hotel pleasant and agreeable. 



IME CHAMPUIII AHD LAKE GEORGE 

STEAMERS. 



Pleasure Season of 1S76. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN STEAMERS. 

VERMONT, - - - - Capt. Rushlow. 
ADIRONDACK, - - - Capt. Anderson. 

Forming a daily line each way between Fort Ticonderoga 
and Plattsburgh, leaving Plattsburgh every morning at 7.30, 
touching at all ports on the Lake, arriving at Fort Ticonderoga 
12.00 noon. Leave Fort Ticonderoga 12.30 P.M., arriving at 
Plattsburgh 6.45 P.M. 

Direct railroad connections at each end of the route. 



LAKE GEORGE STEAMERS. 

MINNEHAHA, - - - - Capt Russell. 
GANOUSKIE, - - - Capt. Hnlett. 

Leaving Caldwell every morning at 8 o'clock, making the 
asual landings, arrive at Baldwin Station 11.30 A. M., connect- 
ing direct with Lake Charaplain Steamers as above. 

Leave Baldwin Station 1.00 P.M., on arrival of train from 
Lake Champlain, arrives at Caldwell 5 P.M. 

Through Tickets ou sale at all Excursions Offices in New 
York, Philidclphia, Boston, &c. , &c. Ask for Tickets via Lake 
Champlain and Lake George. 

P. W. BARNEY, SuPT., 

DBvirliiigton, "Vt 



Clarendon House. 

CLARENDON SPRINGS, VT. 

B. MURRAY & SONS, - - - - Proprietors. 

Open from middle of May to October. 

T E: 11 iVJ H : 

Board, per Week, $10,00 to $12.00 

Children under Twelve, going to first table, - - S.OO »£• 6.00 

Servants, ^00 & 6.00 

Day Board, ------- - - - ti.50 

([[^^Carriages atWest Rutland to meet all regular Railroad 
Trains. Telegraph communication, Livery and Boarding Stables 
connected with the House, Warm and Cold Baths. Cool nights, 
and no mosquitoes. Music, Billiards, Bowling, etc. Pleasant 
drives and beautiful scenery in every direction. References, if 
desired, in all principal cities. 

Send for Pamphlet with description. 

CLARENDON SPRINGS. 

Discovered in the Historic Year 1776, are 
Unequaled for Curing all Itnpurities of the Rlood, Liver 
Complaint, Dyspepsia, Dropsy, and for Restor- 
ing Appetite and Jfhysical Strength, 

This water has no sediment, is delicious to drink, health- 
giving, and in bathing acts like a charm on the skin. Children 
come to us with pale faces and leave with ruddy cheeks. 
-A. 3sr .A. li IT s I s : 

One gallon, or 335 inches of water contains : 

Carbonic Acid Gas - . . 4fi.l6 cubic inch. 

Nitrogen Gas 9.63 " " 

Carbonate of Lime 3.02 grains. 

Muriate of Lime, Sulphate of Soda, and Sulphate of Magnesia. 2.74 " 

One hundred cubic inches of the gas which was evolved from 
the water consist of — 

Carbonic A cid Gas 0.05 cubic inch. 

Oxygen Acid Gas 1.50 " " 

Nitrogen Acid Gas 98.45 " " 

Dr. Augustus A. Hayes, State Assayer for Massachusetts, 
says : "It is a remarkable water, containing nitrogen dissolved.** 




THE- EQUINOX HOUSE 

(FOOT OP MT. EQUINOX), 

Open from June to October, 
Address, by Mail or Telegraph, F. H.ORVIS. 

Manchester, the leading summer resort of the Green Mountains, is two hun- 
dred miles noi-»h of New York, fifty miles north of Troy, and thirty miles south of 
Rutland, on the Harlem Extension Division of the Central Vermont Railroad. It 
has about three miles of white marble sidewalks, finely shaded with elm and 
maple trees, and is the most charming summer resort in New England. 

The trip to the top of Mt. Equinox should be taken by every visitor. An ex- 
tended and magnificent view is obtained from the Summit House. The road la 
In fine order, and four-horse mountain wagons run to the top in two hours. 

Manchester can be reached fi-om New York during the summer in six and a 
half hours by Hudson River Railroad, via Troy. Dra wing-Room Cars through 
without chanere. 

Hudson River Night Steamers connect at Troy with 8:30 A.M. Train, reach- 
ing Manchester at 10:55 A.M. 

New York Morning Papers reach Manchester 10:55 A.M. 

Centi-al Vermont Railroad Day Express brings Passengers from Montreal, 
Highgate Springs, St. Albans, Burlington, Stowe, &c., to Manchester dii-ect. 
Drawing-Room Cars through. 

From Saratoga, Trains going North connect at Rutland for Manchester; 
Trains going South connect at Troy for Manchester. 

THE i*TJTISr^]M HOUSE, 

Open from JVorember to May, 
Address, by Mail or Telegraph, F, H, ORVIS. 

Palatka is situated on the west bank of the St. John's River, seventy miles 
Bouth of Jacksonville. It is at the head of Navigation for ocean steamers, and 
at the mouth of the celebrated Oclawaha River. 

Hart's famous orange grove is immediately across the St. John's River, 
opposite the town. 

Florida tourists should visit Palatka and make the trip up the romantic 
Oclawaha to the wonderful Silver Spring. 

Palatka can be reached by steamers daily from Jacksonville, and by the 
steamers Dictator and City Point from Charleston and Savannah, which run in 
connection with steamers from New York, and lines of Railroad from the North. 



OOZZENS' HOTBlt.— Cozzenii' Landing, West Prnnt, N,T, 
GooDSELL Brothers, Proj)rietors. 

This elegant and favorite summer resort stands on a commanding 
eminence on the west side of the Hudson, 250 feet above the river, 
and about one mile and a half south of the Militarj- Academy ot 
West Point. It commands oue of the finest views on tl^a Hudson, 
embracing the very heart of the Highlands, and the ^vildest and most 
picturesque scenery on this famous river. Its location is remarkably 
healthful ; no cases of sickness having originated at this resort in 
twenty-five years. West Point was selected as the site of the Mili- 
tary Academy partly because of the healthfulness of the locality. 
Its location is particularly convenient for New York families, as It 
Is but fifty miles distant, and gentlemen are enabled to visit New 
York daily, returning to Cozzens' at night if they desire. Among 
the many places of interest around Cozzens' are the U. S. Military 
Academy, where daily military exercises of interest occur, old Fort 
Putnam, Beverly Dock, Robinson House, Buttermilk Falls, etc. The 
drives among the historic Highlands are celebrated for their enchant- 
ing beauty, and one or two, including the five-mile drive to Crystal 
Lake, have recently been laid out. Distinguished visi^.ors, includ- 
ing our national officials and celebrities, annually visit W est Point 
Academy during the examinations, which begin on the 1st of June. 

The hotel is bmlt of brick, and is so constructed that all its rooms 
command delightful views of the river and mountain scenery. It 
will accommodate about 400 guests, who are the most refined and re- 
spected classes of our metropolitan society. The house is kept in a 
style to suit such patronage, and Cozzens' Hotel stands unrivaled 
among our summer resorts in its quiet elegance and comfort. 

The table is not surpassed by any hotel in America in luxuries 
or style, and excellent music daily enlivens the enjoyments of this 
elegant and unexceptional resort. It can be reached by the Hudson 
River Railway to Garrison's Station, whence a steam-ferry conveys 
passengers to Cozzens' Dock ; or by Day Line Steamers to West 
Point, with omnibus to Cozzens' Hotel, or the Mary Powell and Jas. 
W, Baldwin to Cozzens'. Carriages await at Cozzens' Dock and 
West Point the arrival of all boats and trains. Daily excursions 
may be made from New York, stopping for dinner and spending 
three or four hours at the hotel, retiirning to the city the same day. 
Passengers should not mistake the West Point or Government Hotel 
for Cozzens', but drive to Cozzens' Hotel, kept by GoodseU Bro». 



PALISADE MOUITAm HOUSE, 

One of the finest summer hotels in the world, is situated on the 
Lj'decker Point of the Palisades of the Hudson River, at Eng-le- 
wood, N. J. , opposite Spuyten Duyvil. It is reached by Northern 
R. K. of N. J. of W. 23d St. , or Chambers St. , or Steamboats Adelphi 
and Alexis from foot of Harrison Street, New York. The situation 
i.s 1 he most beautiful of any suburban hotel around New York Citj'. 
The Palisades are four hundred feet or over above the level of 
the Ocean, and on one of their highest and most prominent out- 
looks stands the Mountain House. At its foot the Hudson washes 
the base of the cliffs on which it is built. To the north, bold 
sweeps of coast, marked with woody headlands and capped with a 
luxuriant forest, stretch away into the dim distance Southerly, 
the spires of the city, the green hills of Staten Island, and the 
gleam of the Narrows fill the horizon ; in front, a superb expanse 
of hill and dale, river, bay, and Sound spreads itself for miles and 
miles to the east ; while from the upper windows the western view 
embraces all that beautiful country between the valley of the 
Overpeck and the Orange Mountains. The air is exceedingly clear 
and salubrious, and has proved extremely beneficial to invalids and 
children of delicate constitutions. The hotel is supplied with water 
from a clear, cool, and delicious spring in the forest, a mile to the 
westward. The pleasant and various ways of access make it a 
most desirable summer resort, particularly for gentlemen doing 
business in the city. The drives are exceeding beautiful, and ex- 
tend for miles along the Hudson, affording entrancing views of 
the noble river and charming villas along its banks. The house 
can accommodate about five hundred guests. The rooms are 
laro-e, en suite, completely, richly, and tastefully furnished. The 
proprietor, Mr. D. S. Hammond, thoroughly understands his busi- 
ness, and nothing is left undone that could please the most exact- 
ing guest. The cuisine of the house is equal to any in the country. 
The grounds about the house are picturesque, the walks charming, 
and the river convenient for yachting and boating. Gas, hob and 
cold water, and new bath houses are provided, by whiih all the ad- 
vantages of the salt water are made available. An excellent 
bill ard-room and bowling-alley, a fine band of music, and a well- 
managed livery stable provide every comfort and recreation that 
could be expected. The fact that the first guests of the Mountain 
House continue to be its steadfast patrons, year after year, speaks 
for its special merits and hecilthfulness more plainly than many 
words. Among the attractions of Englewood, particularly for 
families, is the fine Collegiate Institute of the Rev. T. G-. Wall, 
for young ladies and children, and the Englewood Classical and 
Mathematical School fur boys. 



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ARLINGTON HOTEL, 







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Ifiiililill 

i|iiiiiiS 

[•i^-.iruiiifiiiiiiii 



S''*iil5«iS£BiK^!sL-' 



At WASHING-TON, D. C. 
T. ROESSLE & SON, Propri-etors. 



The Arlington Hotel is well worthy of the first-class patronage 
which it receives. It is situated on the corner of 15th and H streets, 
in one of the most interesting portions of the city. The southern wing 
fronts the beautiful Lafayette Park, in which is the celebrated bronze 
equestrian statue of Jackson, and opposite which are the " White 
House," U. S. Treasury Building, and the U. S. War and Navy Depart- 
ments. The residence of the Secretary of State is a few rods to the 
north of the hotel — and all the public buildings are within easy distance. 
The hotel is five stories high, with brown stone front, and is furnished 
in elegant style, and supplied with a fine passenger elevator — closets on 
all the floors, signal bells, etc. The dining hall is one of the handsomest 
and most pleasantly situated in Washington. A large number of the 
rooms are arranged in suites, with all the conveniences for family use. 
The proprietors of the Arlington, also conduct the magnificent 
Fort William Henry Hotel at Lake Oeorgp^ the finest summer resort in 
America. To the patrons of the Fort William Henry we need only 
say that what it is in the summer resort world the Arlington is among 
the hotels of the Capital. 




ii 



AMERICAN." 



BOSTON, 
The Largest First-Class Hotel 

IN NEW ENGLAND. 

Prices Eeduced to $3, ^3.50, and $4 per day, according 
to location of room. 

CONVENIENTLY LOCATED FOR PLEASURE OR BUSINESS. 

a o 2sr T -A. I IT s 
PASSENGER ELEVATOR, 

SUITS AND SINGLE APARTMENTS, 
WITH 
BATH ROOMS and CLOSETS ADJOLNIXG. 

Noted throughout tho country for its cleanliness and comfort. 

BILLIARD HALLS, TELEGRAPH OFFICE and CAFt. 

LEWIS EIOE & SON. 




HAYNES'S HOTEI., Springfield, l^Iass. 

POPULAR PRICES— 1876 : CHARGES ACCORDING TO ROOMS. 

The largest first-class house in the city. Special accommodations for families 
and large parties. Location unsurpassed. Six blocks down town from the Rail- 
road Station ; directly in the center of the city. Free from all noise, Fmoke and 
confusion of trains. Recently enlarged and greatly inipioved. making it the 
most complete Hotel Establishment in Western Massachusetts. The best rooms, 
best table, best service in the city. Po^t Offi(;ft and Telegraph Office in the Ro- 
tunda. Porters. Biiegage Wagons nnd Free Carriige to all trains. 

THE MOST PERFECT PASSENGER ELEVATOR IN. THE WORLD. 

" BRIGHT'S DISEASE, 

Diabetes, Dropsy, Catarrh, Calculus, G-ravel, 

G-out, Rheumatism, Dyspepsia, 
DISEASES OF THE HEART, BLOOD, LIVER, 
KIDNEYS, BLADDER, PROSTATE GLAND, 
PREMATURE DEBILITY, CHRONIC AND 
FEMALE DISEASES HITHERTO IN- 
CURABLE. PAMPHLETS EX- 
PLAINING THEIR SUCCESS- 
FUL TREATMENT BY 
ASAHEL, MADE OF GOD, 
World Peerless Mineral Spring Water, 

■] — AND— 

DR. A. HAWLEY HEATH. 

AUTHOR AJSTD PROPRIETOR, FREE. 

Depot and Eeception Eooms, No. 200 Broadway, New York; 
Reduced to Ttcenty-Fwe Cents a Oallon po- Barrel. 



ALBANY AND NEW YORK 

r>A. Y LINE 

On the Hudson River, 



Summer Arrangement for Pleasure Travel. 



THE STEAMBOATS 



C. VIBBARD AND DANIEL DREW 



LEAVE NEW YORK DAILY 

(SUNDAYS excepted). 



G-oxi>ro- 2sroK.Tii, 



GrOXHTO- SOTJTH. 



JVA'IT YOMK: a.m. 

Vestry Street 8.10 

W. 24th Street 8.30 

West roint 11.15 

Neteburgh 11.50 

P.M. 

Poiighkeepsie , 12.40 

Ithinebeck , 1.35 

Catskill 2.55 

Htidson 3.15 

ALBANY. 5.40 



A.M. 

AZJiANT. 8.30 

Hudson 10. 40 

Catskill 11. OO 

P.M. 

Bhinebeck 12.20 

foughkeepsie 1.15 

Neivburgh 2 lO 

West foint 2.40 

^S^»?Xh' ''-"-••■■ -^-"^ 

NEW YORK: 

W. 24th Street 5.30 

Vestry Street 5..'iO 



CONNECTING AT ALBANY WITH ALL POINTS 
NORTH AND WEST. 

^W TRIP TICKETS from New York to West Point and New- 
burgh, returning same day, $1.00. 

TICKETS or COUPONS good on Hudson River Railroad are received on 
board for passage. 

MEALS CAN BE HAD ON THE BOATS. 

Leave Albany at 8:30 A.M. on arrival of Chicago Express, on the Ne^v York 
Central Railroad. 



ISAAC L WELSH, G. T. A., New York. 




DRS. STRONG'S REMEDIAL INSTITUTE, 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y., 

Is open all the year, and is also a Summer Resort during the 

Visiting Season. 

The Institute has recently been doubled in size to meet the necessities of its 
increased patronage. It is now the largest health institution in Saratoga, and is 
unsurpassed in the variety of its remedial appliances by any in this country. In 
the elegance and completeness of its appointments it is uni qualed. The l.uikling 
is heated by steatn. so that in the coldest weather the air of the house is like that 
of midsummer. The proprietors, Dbs. S. S. & S. E. STRONG, are Graduates of 
the Jledical Department of the New York University, and are largely jmtron zed 
bv the medical ))rofession. In addition to the ordinary remedial ng< n<ies used 
in oreneral practice, they employ the EQUALIZEl?, or VACUUM TREATMENT, 
ELECTRO-THERMAL BATHS. SULPHUR AIR-BATHS. RUSSIAN BATHS, 
TURKISH BATHS. HYDROPATHY. MOVlvMENT CURE. OXYGEN GAS. 
GYMNASTICS. HEALTH-LIFT. FARADAIC AND GALVANIC ELECTRIC- 
ITY, LARYNGOSCOPE. &c., for the treatment of Nervous, Lnng. Female, and 
Chronic Diseases. Its boarding department is of the highest order, and its society 
very superior. 

Refkrences.— Bishop M. Simpson, D.D., LL.D.: Rev. T. L. Cuyler, D.D.; 
Prof. Taylor Lewi^ LL.D.; Chauncey N. Olds, LL.D.; Robert Carter, E.«q. 

10^ For particulars cf the Institution, send for Circulars on Lung, Nervous, 
Female, and Chronic Disartses, and on our Appliances. 

Address DRS. S. S, & S. E. STRONG, Remedial Institute, 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 



PEOPLE'S LINE OF STEAMBOATS. 



NEW YORK TO ALBANY 



STEAMERS: 



ST. JOHN, 

Capt. T. D. Christopher, 

MONDAY, 

WEDNESDAY, 

FRIDAY. 



Capt. S. J. Roe, 

TUESDAY, 

THURSDAY, 

SATURDAY. 



From Pier 41, North River, SontU side of Canal Street, 
Near Jersey City Ferry, I>esl>rosses Street, 

AT SIX O'CLOCK, P. M. 

Connecting with trains of New York Central, Albany and Susquehanna, Rensselaer 

and Saratoga, and Boston and Albany Railroads. 

Tickets can be had at the Office on the "Wharf, to all points West and North — 

Adirondacks, White Mountains, via Lake Georgre and L. Champlain, &c., &c. 

Also at Dodd's Express Office, 944 Broadway, and No. 4 Court 

Street, Brooklyn, and Bapgage checked to destination. 

Telegraph Office on the Wharf. 

Passeneers leaving Washington at 8 A.M., Baltimoee at 9:25 A.M., Philadei.- 
PHiA at 1:30 P.M., arrive at New York at 5:15 P.M.— in time to connect as above. 

MEALS ON THE EUROPEAN PLAN. 



ALBANY TO NEW YOflK. 

STEAMERS : 



ST . JOHN, 

Capt. T. D. Christopher, 

TUESDAY, 

THURSDAY, 

SATURDAY. 



D R F \%' , 

Capt. S, J. Eoe, 

MONDAY, 

WEDNESDAY, 

FRIDAY. 

From STEAMBOAT LANDING, on aiTival of trains of New York Central, 
Albany & Susquehanna, Rensselaer & Saratoga, and Boston & Albany 
Railroads. Arriving in New York in time to connect with trains South 
and East. Cars of Rens, & Sar. R. R. take passengers to Boats. 
Tickets to Newark, New Brunswick, Trenton, Burlington, Philadelphia, Wilming- 
ton, Baltimore, and Washington City for sale on the Boats, and 
Baggage checked to destination. 
For delivery of baggage, apply to Baggage Masters on Boats. Hudson River ILB. 
Tickets taken for passage, including State-Room Berth. Rooms heated 
by Steam during cool months. 

JOHN C. HEWITT, G. T. Agent. 



THE 



Congress and Empire 

Spring Wafers of Saratoga, 

KAJ& THE BEST OF ALL THE SARATOGA WATERS FOR THE USE OB 
PERSONS OF CONSTIPATED HABIT. 

T!!.ej act promptly and pleasantly, without producing debility, and their effect 
Ib not weakened by continued use, as is the case with ordinary cathartics. At the 
Mtne time they are not too cathartic — a fault loith some of our moRt drast-.c m(n4- 
ral waters — but sufficiently so for daily and healthful use, and not strong enough 
to produce reaction. 

Their continued use keeps the blood in a very pure and healthful condition, 
producing a clear florid complexion. They preserve the tone of the stomach, anl 
ve powerful preventives of fever and bilious complaints. 

THE COLUMBIAN SPRING WATER 

lb universally acknowledged to be the best Chalybeate Water known. Where the 
blood -equires /rore, this water supplies it in the best possible form for use. The 
assimilation is perfect. A gi'aiti of iron in this water is, in the opinion of a cele- 
brated physician, '■'■ more potent than twenty grains exhibited according to the 
Pharmacopoeia.'''' 

These waters, being purely natural, are highly recommended, and very fre- 
quently prescribed by the best medical authorities, many of whom, however, have 
expressed their condemnation in strong terms of the use of artificial mineral 
waters. 

Every genuine bottle of Congress Water has a large *' C " raised on the glaes. 

FOR SALE BY DRUGGISTS and HOTELS THROUGHOUT the COUNTRY, 

None Genuine Sold on Draught. 

Al our General Mineral Water Depot, In New York, all varieties of Natuial 
Waters for sale at proprietors' prices, delivered and shipped in New York, Brook- 
lyn, and Jersey City, free of charge. 

Orders by n;.ail will receive prompt attention. Empties taken back and allowed 
tor «t liberal prices. Address, 

CONGRESS AND EMPIRE SPRING CO., 

94 Chambers Street, New York City, 

Or, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. T. 

^Slf In connection with a recent analysis of Congress Water, Prof. Chandler sayi ; 
" Ab a Cathartic water, its almost entire freedom from iron should recommecvf 
K Rbove all others, many of which contain bo much of this ingredient as to ffdcualj 
koiwix their useialuess." 



FALL RIVER LINE 

Between New York and Boston 

VIA. ]VJE-WI»OIlT ATVO F^LI^ K-IVEH. 

STEAMERS LEAVE NEW YORK AT 

5n fJi Daily (Sundays, June nth to Sept. loth, inclusive,) 
I . Ill . from Pier 28, N.R., ft. of Murray St.; 4 P.M. in winter. 
THE WORLD-RENOWNED STEAMERS 

BRISTOL, PROVIDENCE, 

COMMANDER, A. G. SIMMONS. COMMANDER, B. M. SIMMONS. 

Trains leave Boston from the Old Colony R.R. Depot, corner 
South and Kne-^land Sts., at 4:30 and 6 P. M., (and Sundays, June 
nth to Sept. loth, inclusive, at 7 P. M.,) connecting with these 
magnificent Steamers at Fall River. 

Steamers leave Ne^A^po^t at 8:30 P. M. 

The Very Best Route to and from New York, Boston, Taamton, 
New Bedford, Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, Cape Cod, the White 
Mountains, and all points East, South, and West. 

The Management having in view the ENTERTAINMENT as well 
as the COMFORT AND SAFETY of their patrons, have at great 
expense engaged, for the season of pleasure travel. Hall's Celebrated 
Reed, String and Brass Bands, which will entertain passengers every 
evening with a G11ANI> mOMENAVJE CONCERT. 

FOR TICKETS AND STATEROOMS 
in New York, apply at 529 Broadway; Broadway, cor. 23d St.; 
Dodd's Express Office, 944 Broadway ; and 4 Court St., Brooklyn, 
at all principal Hotels and Ticket Offices, at the Office on the I'ier, 
and on board of Steamers. 

In Boston, at No 3 Old State House and at Old Colony R.R. Depot. 

Tlirough Tickets sold by all the principal Railroads East, South 
and West. Baggage checked to destination. 

THE ONLY DIRECT LINE TO AND PEOM NEWPORT. 

l^~ Ask for Tickets via Fall Rivtr Line. 

J. R. KENDRICK. Sup't, BORDEN ^ LOVELL, Agents, 

0. C. n.n., Lu^ton, O. C. S. B. Co., New Turk. 

GEO. L CONNOR. Gen'i Pass'r Asjt, 0. C. S. B. Co., New York. 




THE " BRUNSWTICK/'' 

Boylston Street^ cor, of Clarendon^ Boston, Mcus. 

A new strictly first-class Hotel. Conveniently located in 
the most fashionaLI-e part of the city. Fire-proof — all modem 
improvements, J, W. WOLCOTT, Proprietor. 



WESTMINSTEI^ HOTEL, 

Sixteenth Street and Irving Place, New York City. 

Centrally located. Affords accommodations of peculiar ex- 
ceUence. European Plan. CHAS. B. FERRIN, Prop'r. 



Best Religious Weekly Newspaper Published, 



1826. ESTABLISHED FIFTY YEARS. 1876. 



THE CHRISTIAN ADVOCATE. 

THE METROPOLITAN NEWSPAPEE of the M. E. OHUEOH, 



C. H. FOWLER, D.D., LL.D., Editor, w. H. DePUY, D.D., Assistant Editor. 



The LEADING OFFICIAL CHURCH PAPER, whose name 
heads this pag-e, is-justly acknowledged to be the ablest and best 
religious weekly in the country, and now in its fiftieth year is still 
rapidly g-aining in popularity, not alone in the families of the 
church whose interests it represents, but among the membership 
of sister denominations. Notwithstanding the great competition 
on every side, its patronage is increasing at home, and extends 
into every Christian country. It is not only the oldest and most 
widely circulated weekly Methodist journal in the world, but also 
has the largest subscription-list of any one of the great denomi- 
national weeklies. 



(CIRCULATION 50,000 COPIES WEEKLY.) 

A large number of leading banking, mercantile, manufactur- 
ing, and publishing houses in the principal cities have been 
steady patrons of its advertising columns, and recommend it 
highly as a first-class medium of communication between the 
better class of buyers and sellers, and prove their faith in it by 
their constant patronage. 

A specimen copy of tlie Advocate, with the rates 
of advertising, will be sent free to any address on application to 

NELSON &L PHILLIPS, Publishers, 805 B'way, New York. 



BAKATOaA OEYSER SPRINGS. 



Ci3 

s 



f^ 



J>2 




00 

>• 

30 

>• 
— I 

o 
o 

3> 



This wonderful mineral fountain was discovered in Februarj-, 1870. It ii 
located on the Ballaton avenue, one and a half miles south of principal hotels, at 
Saratoga Springs. The water vein was struck by the drill in the bu'd's-eye lime- 
atone one hundred and thirty-two feet beneath the surface rock. The orifice, 
bored in the rock, is five and a half inches in diameter, and 132 feet deep, and is 
tubed with a block-tin pipe, encased with iron, to the depth of eighty-five feet. 
Analysis of one U. S. Gallon by Professor C. F. Chandler, Ph.D., of Columbia 
College School of Mines : 



Chloride of Sodium. . . . 562.080 grains. 

Chloride of Potassium. 24.634 " 

Bromide of Sodium. . . . 2.212 " 

Iodide of Sodium 0.248 " 

Fluoride of Calcium. . . trace. 

Bicarbonate of Llthia. . 9.004 " 

Bicarbonate of Soda. . . 71.232 " 

Bicarb, of Magnesia.. .149.34^3 " 

Bicarbonate of Lime ..168.392 " 

Bicarbonate of Strontia 0.425 " 



Bicarbonate of Baryta. 2.014 grains. 
Bicarjponate of Iron.... 0.979 " 
Sulphate of Potassa. . . . 0.818 " 

Phosphate of Soda.... trace. 

BiboraLe of Soda trace. 

Akimina trace. 

Silica 0.665 " 

Organic matter trace. 

Total solid contents. . . . 991 .546 " 



Carbonic Acid Gas in 1 U. S. Gal 454.082 cub. in. 

Density l.Oll 

Temperature 46° Fah. 

It will be observed that the water is strongly charged with valuable medici- 
nal, mineral and gaseous proper -ies, and the preponderance of Gas enables the 
water to hold its heavy and valuable mineral elements in perfect solution, 
whereby the water is bottled in perfect purity, and may be preserved for ages 
and in any climate. The fact that the Spring is located 132 feet beneath a solid 
rock renders it free from all impiirities from surface wash or drainage. 

The water never varies in flavor, nor are its properties subjected to 
change by the dilution of fresh water or the mingling of foreign substances 
during the wet seasons of the year. 

As a medicinal agency it.« effects are marvelous, especially in cutaneoiia 
diseaaes or any of the various phases of Scrofula, also in Kidney Disease, Liver 
Complaint, Dyspepsia, Biliousness, Hkeumatism, Acidity of Stomach, Constijja- 
tion, and Piles. 

G-eyser Water is a powerful cathartic, while at the same time, by proper 
use, its minerals may be retained to operate as a tonic and builder tip of an en- 
feebled system. Geyser Water operates with excellent effect upon the Kidneys, 

The lithia found in it is a specific for gravel or stone, and is effectual in dis- 
Bolving the chalk or limestone and urate deposit? in Rheumatism and Gout. 

As an Aperient or Cathartic the water should be taken ^n the morning. 

It is sold iu cases of four dozen Pints, two dozen Pints, or two dozen Quarts, 
nnd in Block Tin-Lined Bai*rels containing 30 gallons, for draught by druggists. 

The Spring property is not managed by a Stock Company, and for the pur- 
poses of business the proprietor has adopted only the name " Geyser Spring." 

Address GEYSER SPRING, 

Jacob M. Adams, Prop'r. Saratoga Springs, N. Y 



United States Ink Man'fg Co. 

BLAOK WATER-PEOOr WEITING INK. 

Will not blur or spread when exposed to the action of water 
in any way, for any length of time. Is Black when first written 
with. 

Is Absolutely Non-corrosive. 

Does not gum up the pen. 

Our Copying (and Writing) Fluid iis superior to any in the 
market, foreign or domestic. 

Superior Colored. Inks and IMiacilage. 

Our Liquid Bluing is the purest and best in the market. 
Pour times as economical as any other. 

Tie SOU&HT AFTER HAIR RESTORER 

is manufactured by Mr. L. Wilkins of the Company. Is the best 
article known for Restoring grey hair to its original color. la 
not a dye. Does not injure the hair or head. 

SALESROOMS, No. 49 DEY STREET, 
NEW YORK CITY, 

AWARDED THE HIGHEST MEDAL AT VIENNA. 



E. & H. T. ANTHONY & CO., 

591 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, 

(0pp. Metropolitan Hotel.) 
M!annfactu.rers, Importers and. Dealers in 

Ohromos and Frames, Stereoscopes and Views, 

ALBUMS, GRAPHOSCOPES, and SUITABLE VIEWS. 
PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS. 

We are Headquarters for everything in the way of 
BTEIEZ/EOl'TICOnsrS .A.3srX> 3yE^a-ia Xi^3<rTEI£,3<rS, 

Being Manufacturers of the 

Mioro-Scientific Lantern, Stereo-Panopticon, 

University Stereopticon, Advertiser's Stereopticon, 

Artopticon, School Lantern, 

Family Lantern, People's Lantern. 

Each style being the best of its class in the market. Catalogues of Lanterns and 
Slides, with directions for using, sent on application. 

ANT ENTERPKISING MAN CAN MAKE MONET WITH A MAGIC liANTEEN. 

Visitors to the Centennial are invited to examine our display at the Exposition 
hi Photographic Hall, and to call on us at our Store in New York. 



On your way to the Centennial, stop 
in New York and have your Photo- 
g^raph taken by ABM. BOGARDIJ8, 
the Art Piiotographer of thirty years' 
experience. Every man, woman and 
child should have some of my exquisite 
pictures to sho^v how you looked in the 
Centennial Tear of American Indepen- 
dence- Remember my Oallery is 873 
Broadway, cor, of 18th Street, only. 
IVo connection ivith other Galleries 
carried on by persons pretending to 
be my successors. Block below and 
opposite Arnold^ Constable Sc Co's. 



It Saves mme 




money. 



" Fulfills the condition of a Family Sewing Machine far better 
than any other machine in the market." — Judges' Report, Ameri- 
oan Institute Fair. 



WILLCOS: & GIBBS 

AirrOHATIG 

SILEIT SEWma MACHINE. 

Awarded the grand "Gold Medal of Progress," of the Ameri- 
Ican Institute, Nov,, 1875, and the " Scott Legacy Medal," of the 
Franklin Institute, Oct., 1875. 

No other Sewing Machine in the world has an " AUTOMATIC 
TENSION," or any other of its characteristic feature®. 

WILLCOX & GIBBS S. M. Co. 

invite the public to inspect this marvel of 
Sewing Machine mechanism — unquestionably 
the greatest invention in Sewing Machines 
since their introduction ; completely revolu- 
tionizes the art of machine sev/ing. Visitors 
are delighted. 

Call and examine, or send for fuU Descriptive Catalogue. 

Perfect and durable WorJc always assured 

No InstructioH or JEacperience required, 
Ko Ripping. 

Most Powerful Feed ever invented. 
The Only 3t(ichine in the World unth Automatic Tension. 
New Stitch Pegulator. 

Absolutely Noiseless in operation. 

Other New and Valuable Features, 



WILLCOX & GIBBS S. M. Co., 
658 BROADWAY, 

Cor. of Bond Street, NEW YORK. 



T IX E 



HEALTH-LIFT 

Heduced to a Science. 



CUMULATIVE EXERCISE. 



A Thorough Gymnastic System 

IN TEN MINUTES ONCE A DAT. 

Health restored and Muscular Strength developed by 
equalizing and invigorating the circulation. The result of 
twenty years practical and theoretical study and experi- 
ment. The ondy scientific system of physical training. 

Minimum time for maximum results. 

This "cut" represents a lady taking an 
exercise on the 

Reactionary Lifter. 

It will be seen that the Exercise, as well as the 
Appabatus, is eftpecially adapted for Ladies 
tue. It is the only Machine in use by which a 
lady can take sufficient exercise without change 
of dress, soiled hands, awkward positions, etc. 
By its use, ten minutes once a day, they can get 
all needed exercise. 




You are cordially invited to 
visit the 



LADIES' 
PARLORS 



New York Health-Lift Company. 



46 EAST FOURTEENTH STKEET, 
Bet Broadway and University Place, NEW "YORK. 



John F. Trow & Son, 

PRINTERS 

AND 

BOOKBINDEIRS, 

Combine in their Extensive Premises, 

205-213 EAST TWELFTH ST. 

AND 

15 VANDEWATER ST., 

NE^V^ YORK, 

The resources of the Old and Well-known 

Houses of John F. Trow, Robert 

Craighead, and C. A. Alvord. 

They are constantly adding improvements, both in the 

Bliii; MD PfillTIIG llPMTMEiTS. 

And offer to Publishers facilities mi6:iualled in this conntry for th« 
RAPID MD ACCURATE PRODUCTION OF BOOKS. 

4*» 

ALL ORDERS FOR 

Job Printing 

Promptly attended to. 



EstlmatesforB'ndingorPrintingfurnished on application. 



«: 



SMITH'S PARLOR BJED DEPOT. 




Also, Ladies' Cutting Table and Folding Chairs. 

816 Broadway, Near 12th Street, NEW YORK 

combined with great power in FIELD, MAEINE, TOUEISTS', 
OPEEA, and general out-door day and night double perspec- 
tive glasses : will show objects distinctly from two to six miles. 
Spectacles of the greatest transparent power, to strengthen 
and imi)rove the sight without the distressing result of fre- 
quent chanees. C.it;iloeues sent by inclosing stamp. 

SEMMONS, Occulists' Optician, 687 Broadway, N. Y. 

GOIaImEGE SOItfGS. 




CaRMII^A YALEI^SIA: 

A New Collection of Yale and other College Songs, with Musia 
and Piano-Forte Accompaniments, and Engraving of Yale College 
Buildings. Extra cloth, $1.75. Extra cloth, full gilt, $2.25. 

Carmina Columbiana: 

A New Collection of Columbia College Songs, with Music and 
Piano-Forte Accompaniments. Bound in extra cloth, showing the 
Columbia College colors, blue and white. Price, $1.75. 

HAPPY HOURS : a New Song-Book for Schools, Acad- 
emies, and the Home Circle. 188 pp. 12mo. Price, board 
covers, 50 cents. Cloth, 75 cents. 
Any of above books sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. 

TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., Publishers, 

758 JBroadway, New York 



Life Insurance an Element of Success, 

THE successful man makes the most of every advantage which 
nature and circumstance have placed within his reach. He 
carefully considers his mental abilities and inclinations, and pur- 
sues that course for which reason tells him that he is best fitted. 
The • circumstances of his birth and education as well as hip 
physical condition and bodily powers go to influence his pursuits. 
Every circumstance is then embraced to further his plans. His 
mind is called upon to assist him to the extent of its forces, and 
his body should likewise contribute its share to the general fund. 

The man who is so fortunate as to possess a sound mind in a 
sound body, and who desires to make the most of both, cannot 
consistently neglect the advantages which Life Insurance offers to 
him. His neighbor may have the elements of success in an equal 
degree, but some weakness, perhaps unnoticed before, debars him 
from Life Insurance, The gift of health should thus form an im- 
portant element in the working capital of him who possesses it, 
and the taking advantage of the superiority which its possession 
for the time being gives may be the turning point of success. A 
Life Policy taken in health and prosperity may be just the security 
needed in financial troubles, and certainly will be when health i& 
gone and Life Insurance can no longer be obtained. 

In choosing a company, that one should be selected which is 
most careful in the selection of its members, that good health may 
receive the greatest possible benefits. The JPhcenioo Mutual 
Life Insurance Company of Hartford , Comi., issues 
policies on none but the best of risks. It has had 25 years of suc- 
cessful experience, and has assets of the most unquestionable 
character, of over $10,000,000, invested for the security of its 
policy-holders. Its business is conducted with economy and pru- 
dence, and its members receive the benefits arising from a conser- 
vative management to their fullest extent. 

Aaron C. Goodman, President. 

Jonathan B. Bunce, Vice-Pres. John M. Holcombe, 8e(?y» 



POND'S EXTRACT 

The People's Remedy, 

For Piles, Sprains, Lameness, Burns, Scalds, Bruises, Soreness, Rheum- 
atism, Boils, Ulcers, Catarrh, Wounds, etc. Also for Toothache. 
Headache, Neuralgia, Sore Throat, Hoarseness, Colic, Diarrhoea, and 
all Hemorrhages,&c. 

RJSTAIL PJtlCJES.SiSAtJj $0.50 — cheap, because dose« are small. 

Medium $1.00— worth $1.33 ; saving 33 cents. 

Lakge ;$1.75 — worth $2.67 ; saving 92 cents. 

This popular remedy has now been before the country for more than a 
quarter of a centio'y, dming which, with very little advertising, it has firmly 
established itseM in the confidence of the people ; and in thousands of families 
has become as indispensable as flour or salt. ■ , 

During this period its inherent merits have overcome the intense prejudice 
of physicians, and it is now daily prescribed and reoommeuded by members of 
the Faculty, of all Schools— Allopathic, Homoepathic, Botanic, and Eclectic. 
Ask any of them about it. They will tell you that the medicinal virtues of 
Witch Hazel in an extraordinary range of action are indisputable, and that 
ours is simply the 

BEST AND ONLY UNIFQRM PREPARATION 

from that shrub; that it is carefiilly made by experienced pharmacists, having 
the advantage of the perfect machinery required by an enormous business, 
from the best parts of the plant, judiciously selected at an exact and critical 
period of its growth. They will teU you that it is always the same, and 
always good; that it is not affected by change of climate or temperature; 
that its action is prompt and effectual; that it does not accumulate in the 
system, and ultimately manifest poisonous characteristics, but may be used 
freely, externally and internally, alone or in connection with other medicines, 

WITHOUT THE SLIGHTEST DANGER. 

Ask your druggist for one of the little books (bearing his address), with 
which we supply him free, for distribution among his patrons. If you are 
well, it may give you some Jnterestiuf/ and Useful Information ; 
while to the iU it may be the Road to Health. 

REMEMBER.— Pond's Extbact really has a very ext«nsive range 
of action. It will promptly re?fe»e any pain, and will effectually and perma- 
nently cure a greater number of the ills which an intelligent and prudent mother 
would trust herself to treat than any other preparation, It is, therefore, 

AN INVAIiUARIiE DOMESTIC REMEDY. 

The 50c. Bottle is cheap, because the doses are small. The $1 Bottle is cheaper, 
woi-th $1.33, saving 33c. The $1.75 Bottle is cheapest, worth f 2.67, saving 92o. 

■^^^^ FOR SALE EVERYWHERE. ^^i 

PONDS EXTRAC 



Charter Oak Life Insurance Conipany^l 

HARTFORD, CONN. J 

^SSETS, 




Life Insurance I^L)li«ies^B^^^ a^^^j^'^Sa •V" 
issued on all the "-ai ^^ ^^M^^ $4,000, 000. ' 

plans at "towest Matnal _L^^^^^^^^^^|a>k t 

Bates. -^^^^^ ^MHHM^^^i f 

I 

roliciego-,1 the Dkposit Plan, for terms of tensor fifteen years, with peculi:^ 
advantages in case of discontinuance, are highly recomnicjided. Send for circuf^ 
lars dtiscribing the plan in detail. .,- ^ 



E. E. WIGGIN, President. 
S. H. Whitk, Vice-Pros, and Treas. A. H, Dillon. Jr., 2d Vice-Pres. 

ilALSEY Stevens, Secretary. Wm. L, Sqvire, Ass't Secretary. 

H. J. Ftikber, Financial Manager. 

E. <). noomvTN. CK'neral Agent, . . . 161 Broadway, New York. 

CJko. B. irxLETAUD, •' " . . . 258 Washington St., Boston. 

Wells & ]\r.\soN, '' u , _ 1 Tribune Building, Chicago. 



THE LEADING CLOTHIERS. 

Qiir tu'o Stores arc constantly supplied 
with the best Stock of Clothing in Nezo Yorlk 

/rV state 'the material plainly on each 
Garvient. , 

We sell at one price. I 

]]^c ouarantvc entire satisfaction. 

J J ^e give spec ia I a tten tio n ta Custom o n ie ; .v 

DEVLIN & CO.. 

Broadway, cor. Grand St, Broadway, cor. Warren St., 

IVKAV A OlTIv. 



